Publications

Laboratory for Information Visualization and Evaluation, Virginia Tech

2010:

• Alex Endert, Glenn Fink, Chris North, "Visual Analytics for Cyber Security: Observations and Opportunities for Large Display Workspaces", to appear in Information Visualization, 15 pages, 2010.
• Andrews, C., Endert, A., North, C. "Space to Think: Large, High-Resolution Displays for Sensemaking", to appear in Proc. of ACM CHI 2010, 10 pages, April 2010.
• Purvi Saraiya, Chris North, Karen Duca, "Comparing Benchmark Task and Insight Evaluation Methods on Timeseries Graph Visualizations", to appear in BELIV 2010 Workshop, ACM CHI 2010, 8 pages, 2010.
• S. O'Donoghue, A. Gavin, N. Gehlenborg, D. Goodsell, J. Hériché, C. Nielsen, C. North, A. Olson, J. Procter, D. Shattuck, T. Walter, B. Wong, "Visualizing biological data—now and in the future", Nature Methods, 7(3s):2-4, March 2010.

2009:

• Dwyer, T., Lee, B., Fisher, D., Quinn, K. I., Isenberg, P., Robertson, G., and North, C. "A Comparison of User-Generated and Automatic Graph Layouts", Proc. IEEE Information Visualization Conference 2009, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 15(6): 961-968, 2009.
• Whiting, M., North, C., Endert, A., Scholtz, J., Haack, J., Varley, C., Thomas, J., "VAST Contest Dataset Use in Education", Proc. of IEEE VAST 2009 Symposium, pgs 115-122, 2009.
• Glenn Fink, Chris North, Alex Endert, Stuart Rose, "Visualizing Cyber Security: Usable Workspaces", Proc. of Intl Workshop on Visualizing Cyber Security (VizSec 2009), pgs 45-56, (2009).
• Abstract:   Endert, A., Andrews, C., Fink, G. A., North, C. "Professional Analysts using a Large, High-Resolution Display", VAST Challenge 2009 Contest, IEEE VAST 2009. Awarded Special Contributions to the VAST Challenge Contest.
• Chris North, Tim Dwyer, Petra Isenberg, Danyel Fisher, Bongshin Lee, George Robertson, Kori Inkpen Quinn, “Understanding Multi-touch Manipulation for Surface Computing”, Proc. of IFIP INTERACT 2009, LNCS vol. 5727/2009, pgs 236-249.
• David Machaj, Christopher Andrews, and Chris North, "Co-located Many-player Gaming on Large High-resolution Displays",  2009 International Symposium on Social Computing Applications (SCA-09), International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, pp. 697-704, 2009.
• Peck, S., North, C., and Bowman, D. "A multiscale interaction technique for large, high-resolution displays", Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Symposium on 3D User interfaces (March 14 - 15, 2009). 3DUI. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, pgs 31-38, 2009.
• Lauren Shupp, Christopher Andrews, Margaret Dickey-Kurdziolek, Beth Yost, Chris North , "Shaping the Display of the Future: The Effects of Display Size and Curvature on User Performance and Insights", Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 24, Issue 1 & 2, pages 230 – 272, January 2009. [pdf]

2008:

• Andreas Kerren, John Stasko, Jean-Daniel Fekete and Chris North (editors), Information Visualization - Human-Centered Issues in Visual Representation, Interaction, and Evaluation. Springer-Verlag, 2008.
• Jean-Daniel Fekete, Jarke van Wijk, John Stasko, Chris North, "The Value of Information Visualization", in Information Visualization: Human-Centered Issues and Perspectives, Springer-Verlag, 2008, pp. 1-18.
• Robert Ball, Chris North, "The Effects of Peripheral Vision and Physical Navigation in Large Scale Visualization", Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2008, pp. 9-16, June 2008. [pdf]
• Edward A. Fox, Christopher Andrews, Weiguo Fan, Jian Jiao, Ananya Kassahun, Szu-Chia Lu, Yifei Ma, Chris North, Naren Ramakrishnan, Angela Scarpa, Bruce H. Friedman, Steven D. Sheetz, Donald Shoemaker, Venkat Srinivasan, Seungwon Yang, and Laura Boutwelle. "A Digital Library for Recovery, Research, and Learning from April 16, 2007 at Virginia Tech", Traumatology, 14(1): 64-84, (April 2008). [pdf]
• J. Shu, L. T. Watson, N. Ramakrishnan, F. A. Kamke, and C. North, "Unification of problem solving environment implementation layers with XML-based specifications", Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 39, no. 3, pg. 189-201, March 2008.

2007:

• C. Plaisant, C. North (guest editors), "Reflections on Human-Computer Interaction: A special Issue in Honor of Ben Shneiderman's 60th Birthday", Intl. Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 195-204, Dec 2007. [page]
• Andreas Kerren, John Stasko, Jean-Daniel Fekete and Chris North, "Dagstuhl Workshop Report: Information Visualization - Human-Centered Issues in Visual Representation, Interaction, and Evaluation", Information Visualization, vol. 6, no. 3, pg. 189-196, Dec 2007. 
• Ball, R. and North, C. "Realizing Embodied Interaction for Visual Analytics through Large Displays", Computers & Graphics (C&G), 31(3): 380-400, June 2007. [pdf]
• Ball, R., North, C., and Bowman, D. "Move to Improve: Promoting Physical Navigation to Increase user Performance with Large Displays", ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), pp. 191-200, April 2007.  [Best Paper Honorable Mention Award] [pdf]
• Yost, B., Haciahmetoglu, H., and North, C. "Beyond Visual Acuity: The Perceptual Scalability of Information Visualizations for Large Displays", ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems (CHI), pp. 101-110, April 2007. [pdf]
• Sabri, A., Ball, R., Bhatia, S., Fabian, A., and North, C. "High-Resolution Gaming: Interfaces, Notifications and the User Experience", Interacting with Computers, Special Issue on HCI Issues in Computer Games, 19(2): 151-166, March 2007. [pdf]

2006:

• Glenn A. Fink, Vyas Duggirala, Ricardo Correa, and Chris North. "Bridging the Host-Network Divide: Survey, Taxonomy, and Solution.", USENIX Large Installation System Administration Conference (LISA), pp. 247-262, Dec 2006. [pdf]
• Purvi Saraiya, Chris North, Vy Lam, Karen Duca, "An Insight-based Longitudinal Study of Visual Analytics", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 12(6): 1511-1522, November 2006. [pdf]
• Beth Yost, Chris North, "The Perceptual Scalability of Visualization", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 12(5): 837-844, (Sept. 2006), proc. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis), Oct. 2006. [pdf]
• Ball, R., DellaNoce, M., Ni, T., Quek, F., and North, C. "Applying Embodied Interaction and Usability Engineering to Visualization on Large Displays", ACM British HCI - Workshop on Visualization & Interaction, pp. 57-65, September 2006. [pdf]
• Brandon Berry, Laurian Hobby, D. Scott McCrickard, Chris North, and Manuel A. Perez-Quinones. "Making a Case for HCI: Exploring Benefits of Visualization for Case Studies." In Proceedings of the World Conference on Educational Multimedia/Hypermedia and Educational Telecommunications (ED-MEDIA '06), pg. 485-492, June 2006. [pdf]
• Shupp, L., Ball, R., Yost, B., Booker, J., and North, C. "Evaluation of Viewport Size and Curvature of Large, High-Resolution Display", Graphics Interface (GI), pg. 123-130, June 2006. [pdf]
• Chris North, "Visualization Viewpoints: Toward Measuring Visualization Insight", IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, 26(3): 6-9, May/June 2006. [pdf]
• Ni, T., Schmidt, G., Staadt, O., Livingston, M., Ball, R., May, R. "A Survey of Large High-Resolution Display Technologies, Techniques, and Applications", IEEE Virtual Reality 2006, pg. 223-234, March 2006. [pdf]
• P.S. Pyla, J.R. Howarth, C. Catanzaro, C. North. "Vizability: A Tool for Usability Engineering Process Improvement through the Visualization of Usability Problem Data", ACM Southeast Conference, pg. 620-625, (March, 2006). [pdf]
• Posters/Abstracts:
  • J. Booker, T. Buennemeyer, A. Sabri, C. North, "High-Resolution Displays Enhancing Geo-Temporal Data Visualizations", IEEE Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI), 2 pages, July 2006. [pdf]
  • T.J. Jankun-Kelly, Robert Kosara, Gordon Kindlmann, Chris North, Colin Ware, E. Wes Bethel, "Is There Science in Visualization?", compendium proceedings IEEE Visualization 2006. [Best Panel Award]

2005:

• Robert Ball, Michael Varghese, Bill Carstensen, E. Dana Cox, Chris Fierer, Matthew Peterson, and Chris North, "Evaluating the Benefits of Tiled Displays for Navigating Maps", IASTED International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, pg. 66-71, (Nov 2005). [pdf]
• Glenn Fink, Paul Muessig, Chris North, "Visual Correlation of Host Processes and Network Traffic", IEEE Visualization 2005, Workshop on Visualization for Computer Security (VizSEC 2005), pg. 11-19, (October 2005). [pdf]
• Glenn Fink, Chris North, "Root Polar Layout of Internet Address Data for Security Administration", IEEE Visualization 2005, Workshop on Visualization for Computer Security (VizSEC 2005), pg. 55-64, (October 2005). [pdf]
• Purvi Saraiya, Peter Lee, Chris North, "Visualization of Graphs with Associated Timeseries Data", IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis 2005), pg. 225- 232, (October 2005). [pdf]
• Robert Ball, Chris North, "An Analysis of User Behavior on High-Resolution Tiled Displays", Tenth IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT 2005), pg. 350-364, (Sept 2005). [pdf]
• Sujatha Krishnamoorthy, Chris North, "Learnability of Interactive Coordinated-View Visualizations", IEEE International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV 2005), Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Information Visualization 2005, pg. 306-311, (July 2005). [pdf]
• Chris North, Theresa-Marie Rhyne, Karen Duca, "Bioinformatics Visualization: Introduction to the Special Issue of Information Visualization", Information Visualization, 4(3): pg. 147-148, (July 2005). [pdf]
• Purvi Saraiya, Chris North, Karen Duca, "Visualization of Biological Pathways: Requirements Analysis, Systems Evaluation, and Research Agenda", Information Visualization, 4(3): 191-205, (July 2005). [pdf]
• Chris North, "Information Visualization", chapter in Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 3rd Edition, G. Salvendy (editor), New York: John Wiley & Sons, pg. 1222-1246, (2005). [pdf]
• Purvi Saraiya, Chris North, Karen Duca, "An Insight-based Methodology for Evaluating Bioinformatics Visualizations", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 11(4): 443-456, (July 2005). [pdf]
• Robert Ball, Chris North, "Effects of Tiled High-Resolution Display on Basic Visualization and Navigation Tasks", Proc. extended abstracts of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2005), pg 1196-1199, (April 2005). [pdf]
• Beth Yost, Chris North, "Single Complex Glyphs Versus Multiple Simple Glyphs", Proc. extended abstracts of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2005), pg 1889 - 1892, (April 2005). [pdf]
• Poster: 
  • Robert Ball, Andrew Sabri, Michael Varghese, Chris North, "Tracking User Navigation and Performance on High-Resolution Displays using a Dynamic Real-Time Strategy Game",  Compendium of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis 2005), pg. 5-6, (October 2005). [pdf]

2004:

• Robert Ball, Glenn A. Fink, and Chris North, "Home-Centric Visualization of Network Traffic for Security Administration", ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Workshop on Visualization and Data Mining for Computer Security 2004, (VizSEC 2004), pg 55-64. [pdf]
• Purvi Saraiya, Chris North, Karen Duca, "An Evaluation of Microarray Visualization Tools for Biological Insight", IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004 (InfoVis 2004), pg 1-8. [pdf]
• Nithiwat Kampanya, Rao Shen, Seonho Kim, Chris North, Edward A. Fox, "Citiviz: A Visual User Interface to the CITIDEL System", 8th European Conference on Digital Libraries, ECDL 2004, in Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3232/2004, pg. 122-133, Springer-Verlag. [pdf]
• Songer, A. D., Hays, B., North, C., "Multidimensional Visualization of Project Control Data", Construction Innovation, 4(3): 173-190, September 2004. [pdf]
• Dheva Raja, Doug A. Bowman, John Lucas, Chris North, "Exploring the Benefits of Immersion in Abstract Information Visualization", 8th International Immersive Projection Technology Workshop, 8 pages, (Iowa State, May 2004). [pdf]
• Polys, N., Bowman, D., North, C., Laubenbacher, R., and Duca, K. "PathSim Visualizer: an Information-Rich Virtual Environment Framework for Systems Biology". Proceedings of ACM Web3D Symposium, pg. 7-14, April 2004. [pdf]
• Polys, N., Bowman, D., North, C., "Information-Rich Virtual Environments: Challenges and Outlook", NASA Workshop on the Knowledge Integrating Virtual Iron Bird, 8 pages, (Monterey, April 2004).
• Purvi Saraiya, Clifford A. Shaffer, D. Scott McCrickard, Chris North , Effective features of algorithm visualizations, Proceedings of the 35th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer Science Education, pg 382 - 386, March 2004. [pdf]
• N. Polys, C. North, D. Bowman, M. Moldenhauer, A. Ray, C. Dandekar, "Snap2Diverse: Coordinating Information Visualizations and Virtual Environments", Proceedings of SPIE Visualization and Data Analysis (VDA), pg. 189-200, (Jan 2004). [pdf]

2003:

• Y.S. Ryu, B. Yost, G. Convertino, J. Chen, C. North, "Exploring Cognitive Strategies for Integrating Multiple-View Visualizations", Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 47th Annual Meeting, pg. 591-595, (Oct. 2003). [Award for Best student-authored paper] [pdf]
• Q. Li, C. North, "Empirical Comparison of Dynamic Query Sliders and Brushing Histograms", Proc. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2003, pp. 147-154, (October 2003). [pdf]
• Doug A. Bowman, Chris North, Jian Chen, Nicholas Polys, Pardha Pyla, and Umur Yilmaz, "Towards Usable and Effective Information-Rich Virtual Environments", ACM Virtual Reality Software and Technology 2003, pp. 81-90, (Sept 2003). [pdf]
• D. Scott McCrickard, Doug A. Bowman, Chris North, Manuel A. Pérez-Quiñones, "Center for Human-Computer Interaction at Virginia Tech", IFIP INTERACT 2003, 2 pages, (September 2003). [pdf]
• G. Convertino, J. Chen, B. Yost, Y.S. Ryu, C. North, "Exploring Context Switching and Cognition in Dual-View Coordinated Visualizations", IEEE Intl. Conf. on Coordinated & Multiple Views in Exploratory Visualization, Intl. Conf. on Information Visualization, pg. 55-62, (July 2003). [pdf]
• Q. Li, C. North, "Dynamic Query Sliders vs. Brushing Histograms", Extended Abstracts ACM CHI 2003, pg. 834-835, (April 2003). [pdf]
• C. North, N. Conklin, K. Idukuri, V. Saini, Q. Yu, "Fusion: Interactive Coordination of Diverse Data, Visualizations, and Mining Algorithms", Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI 2003, pg. 626-627, (April 2003). [pdf]
• Posters:
  • Saraiya, P., Duca, K.A., North, C., "A Biochemical Pathway Tool for Visualization and Discovery Using Functional Genomics and Proteomics Data", Poster at Biomedical Information Science and Technology Initiative (BISTI) 2003 Symposium, Digital Biology: The Emerging Paradigm, NIH, November 6-7, 2003, http://www.bisti.nih.gov/2003meeting/.
  • Polys, N.F., Bowman, D., Duca, K.A., Laubenbacher, R., North, C., "Interactive Visualization of Biological Databases Using Information-Rich Virtual Environments", Poster at Biomedical Information Science and Technology Initiative (BISTI) 2003 Symposium, Digital Biology: The Emerging Paradigm, NIH, November 6-7, 2003, http://www.bisti.nih.gov/2003meeting/.

2002:

• C. North, N. Conklin, K. Idukuri, V. Saini. "Visualization Schemas and a Web-based Architecture for Custom Multiple-View Visualization of Multiple-Table Databases", Information Visualization, 1(3-4): 211-228, (December 2002). [pdf]
• North, C., Conklin, N., Saini, V., "Visualization Schemas for Flexible Information Visualization", Proc. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2002, pg. 15-22, (October 2002). [pdf]
• Conklin, N., Prabhakar, S., North, C., "Multiple Foci Drill-Down through Tuple and Attribute Aggregation Polyarchies in Tabular Data", Proc. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2002, pg. 131-134, (October 2002). [pdf][long]
• Jayaraman, S., North, C., "A Radial Focus+Context Visualization for Multi-Dimensional Functions", Proc. IEEE Visualization 2002, pg. 443-450, (October 2002). [pdf]
• T.M. Rhyne, T. Dunning, G. Calapristi, C. North, D. Gresh, "Panel: Evolving Visual Metaphors and Dynamic Tools for Bioinformatics Visualization", Proc. IEEE Visualization 2002, pg. 579-582, (October 2002). [pdf]
• Wang, J., Agrawal, A., Bazaz, A., Angle, S., Fox, E., North, C., "Enhancing the Envision Interface for Digital Libraries", Proc. ACM/IEEE JCDL 2002, Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, pg. 275-276, (July 2002). [pdf]
• Vikrant Colaso, Aejaaz Kamal, Purvi Saraiya, Chris North, Scott McCrickard, and Clifford A. Shaffer, "Learning and Retention in Data Structures: A Comparison of Visualization, Text, and Combined Methods", Proc. ED-MEDIA 2002, Denver CO, 2 pages, (June 2002). [pdf]
• C. M. Chewar, D. Scott McCrickard, Ali Ndiwalana, Chris North, Jon Pryor, and David Tessendorf. "Secondary Task Display Attributes: Optimizing Visualizations for Cognitive Task Suitability and Interference Avoidance". Proc. IEEE TCVG Symposium on Visualization (VisSym 2002), Barcelona, Spain, pg. 165-171, (May 2002). [pdf]
• Jacob Somervell, D. Scott McCrickard, Chris North, and Maulik Shukla. "An Evaluation of Information Visualization in Attention-Limited Environments", Proc. IEEE TCVG Symposium on Visualization (VisSym 2002), Barcelona, Spain, pg. 211-216, (May 2002). [pdf]
• Prabhakar, S., Conklin, N., North, C., "Breakdown Visualization: Multiple Foci Polyarchies of Values and Attributes", Extended Abstracts ACM CHI 2002, Human Factors in Computing Systems, pg. 800-801, (April 2002). [pdf][long]
• David Tessendorf, Christa Chewar, Ali Ndiwalana, Jon Pryor, D. Scott McCrickard, Chris North. "An Ordering of Secondary Task Display Attributes", Extended Abstracts ACM CHI 2002, Human Factors in Computing Systems, pg. 600-601, (April 2002). [pdf]

2001:

• North, C., Farooq, U., Akhter, D., "DataWear: Revealing Trends of Dynamic Data in Visualizations", LBHT Proc. IEEE Symposium on InfoVis 2001, pg. 8-11, (Oct. 2001). [pdf]
• Beale, M., McCrickard, S., North, C., Einstein, M., Saraiya, P., "Visualizing Communication Timelines Containing Sparsely Distributed Clusters", LBHT Proc. IEEE Symposium on InfoVis 2001, pg. 16-19, (Oct. 2001). [pdf]
• Tian, Y., Clement, M., Ellis, M., Steele, J., North, C., "Gene Expression Mural: Visualizing Gene Expression Databases", WiP Proc. IEEE Visualization 2001, (Oct. 2001). [pdf]
• G. Dang, C. North, B. Shneiderman. Dynamic Queries and Brushing on Choropleth Maps, Proc. IEEE Intl. Information Visualization 2001, pg. 757-764, (2001). [pdf]
• C. North. Multiple Views and Tight Coupling in Visualization: A Language, Taxonomy, and System.  Proc. CSREA CISST 2001 Workshop of Fundamental Issues in Visualization, pg. 626-632, (2001). [pdf]
• C. North, B. Shneiderman. Component-Based, User-Constructed, Multiple-View Visualization. Proc. ACM CHI 2001 Conference, pg. 201-202, (2001). [pdf]

Chris North's earlier work:

• C. North, B. Shneiderman. "Snap-Together Visualization: Can Users Construct and Operate Coordinated Views?", Intl. Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Academic Press, 53(5), pg. 715-739, (November 2000). [pdf]
• C. North, B. Shneiderman. Snap-Together Visualization: A User Interface for Coordinating Visualizations via Relational Schemata. Proc. Advanced Visual Interfaces 2000, pg. 128-135, (2000). [pdf]
• C. North. "A User Interface for Coordinating Visualizations Based on Relational Schemata: Snap-Together Visualization", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, (May 2000). [pdf]
• A. Fredrikson, C. North, C. Plaisant, B. Shneiderman. Temporal, Geographical and Categorical Aggregations Viewed through Coordinated Displays: a Case Study with Highway Incident Data. Proc. ACM CIKM '99 Workshop on New Paradigms in Information Visualization and Manipulation, (1999). [html]
• C. North. Robust, End-User Programmable, Multiple-Window Coordination. Proc. ACM CHI'98 Conference, pg. 60-61, (1998).
• C. North, B. Shneiderman, C. Plaisant. User Controlled Overviews of an Image Library: The Visible Human Explorer. Proc. National Library of Medicine Visible Human Project Conference, NIH, (1996). [html]
• C. North, B. Shneiderman, C. Plaisant. User Controlled Overviews of an Image Library: A Case Study of the Visible Human. Proc. ACM Digital Libraries '96 Conference, ACM Press, pg. 74-82, (1996). Reprinted in Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think, Card, Mackinlay, Shneiderman (editors), Morgan Kaufmann, (1999). [html]
• C. North and F. Korn. Browsing Anatomical Image Databases: A Case Study of the Visible Human. Conf. Companion and Video Proc. ACM CHI '96 Conference -- Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, pg. 414-415, (1996). [html]
• C. North, B. Shneiderman, and C. Plaisant. Visual Information Seeking in Digital Image Libraries: The Visible Human Explorer. Chapter in Information in Images, Glenn Becker (Editor), Thomson Technology Labs, (1997).
• C. North, E. Kandogan, B. Shneiderman. Information Abundant Interfaces: Advanced Organization and Coordination. Grant Proposal submitted to and accepted by the National Science Foundation, (August 1996). Report in Proceedings NSF Interactive Systems Grantees Workshop '97, pg. 269-271, (1997).
• C. North. Computer Composer. Enter: The World of Computers and New Technology, vol. 2, no. 7, pg. 24, Children's Television Workshop, (May 1985).