Virtual Environments
by Yonca and Tao
Large displays are one of the many output hardware for visual displays in Virtual Environments (other examples are HMD, cave)
Virtual Environments are one of the many applications/areas that can be displayed on large displays.
VE technologies from which large display applications may benefit
· Interaction Techniques
o Manipulation
§ Isomorphic/nonisomorphic
§ Task decomposition
§ Metaphor
· Egocentric metaphor (Virtual hand/virtual pointer)
· Exocentric metaphor (WIM technique)
o Selection
§ Simple ray casting
§ Two-handed pointing
§ Aperture technique
o System Control
§ Graphical menus (3D widgets, Tulip menus etc)
§ Voice commands
§ Gestural commands
· Glove based
· Vision-based
· Surface-based (touch screens, tablets, etc)
§ Multimodal system controls
o Symbolic Input
§ Keyboard-based
· Miniature keyboard
· Low key-count keyboard
· Chord keyboard (twiddler)
· Pinch keyboard (gloves)
· Soft keyboard
§ Pen-based
§ Gesture-based
§ Speech-based
· Input Hardware
o Tracking devices
§ Motion tracking (head, hand)
§ Eye tracking
§ Data gloves
o 3D mice
o Direct Human Input
§ Speech
§ Bioelectric (ie. To control virtual aircraft)
§ Brain input (may combine eye movements, facial muscle, brainwave)
o Homebrewed devices (CAT, VisionWand)
Level of Immersion
· Size
o Field of View
§ Software FOV and Physical FOV
§ increasing field of view leads to perceptual, visual, and motor improvements in various navigation performance tasks
§ Overall, wider fields of view are desirable for a wide variety of spatial tasks
§ restricting field of view leads to perceptual, visual and motor decrements in various kinds of performance tasks
o Field of Regard
· Resolution
o VE with high-resolution movies, images, or texts
· Screen geometry
o Flat
o Curved
o Faceted (?)
o Surround Screen
o Workbench
o Hemispherical
o Others
· Stereoscope
o Active
o Passive
· Discontinuity
Bezel
Tiles