Perception and Cognition

by Yonca

 Cognitive Factors:

1.      Memory

a.       Emotion and Arousal

1.      Larger displays are more arousing,

1.      higher the arousal the better the memory

2.      higher arousal increase task performance

2.      The arousal competes for the same mental effort that could otherwise be given to thinking hard about information

b.      Spatial Memory (spatial cognition?)

1.      Location relative to their body

2.      Providing location and place to aid human memory

2.      Sense of Presence

a.       Larger displays provide greater sense of presence

3.      Cognitive Load

a.       Larger displays reduce cognitive load (and hence increases performance)

4.      Spatial Cognition

a.       physical display size affects the way we think and work

b.      large displays seem to improve performance on many spatial tasks

c.       users adopt different cognitive strategies in larger displays (exocentric v.s. egocentric)

d.      Smaller displays with restricted field of view causes difficulty forming a cognitive map

Perception:

1.      Human Perception

1.      Vision

·        Color, contrast, brightness

·        Size

o       The perception of size and distance is a significant psychological issue, largely because size matters a lot in the world of perception

o       physical affordances of the large displays fundamentally affect human perception

o        

·        Visual Angle, Field of view

o        Large displays cast larger retinal image, offering wider field of view

o       Restricting field of view leads to perceptual, visual and motor decrements in various kinds of performance tasks

·        Shape

o       Curved display change the perception of the visualization

·        Depth

·        Visual discontinuity

o       Separating information by physical discontinuities decreases task performance (information divided by physical discontinuities such as monitor bezels or depth is harder to treat as a single unit and thus requires more cognitive resources for divided attention tasks)

·        Visual acuity

o       DPI/size of the monitor, resolution (number of pixels)

·        High resolution screens display more information

·        Motion

o       can guide attention

o       Visual discontinuity increase cortical arousal (indicated by brain patterns during viewing)

2.      Hearing

·        Psychophysics

o       loudness, pitch, sound localization

·        Physiological mechanisms

o       auditory components of the ear, neural activity associated with hearing

·        Perception of speech

o       units of speech, such as phonemes and mechanics of wod recognition

3.      Smell

·        Smelll enhanced movies on large screens

4.      Feeling/haptic (bidirectional)

·        Mechanoreceptor (indentation of the skin)

·        Thermoreceptor (changes in the temperature)

·        Nociceptor (intense pressure and heat)

5.      Taste

·        Does not apply to large screens (yet!)

2.      Machine Perception (perceptual interfaces)

1.      Know who we are

·        user recognition

·        2D/3D tracking

2.      See our expressions and gestures

·        facial expression detection

·        hand and body gesture recognition

3.      Hear the tone and emphasis of our voice