TY - CONF T1 - Evaluating Navigation and Comparison Performance of Computational Notebooks on Desktop and in Virtual Reality T2 - ACM CHI 2024 Y1 - 2024 A1 - Sungwon In A1 - Eric Krokos A1 - Whitley, Kirsten A1 - North, Chris A1 - Yang, Yalong JF - ACM CHI 2024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple Monitors or Single Canvas? Evaluating Window Management and Layout Strategies on Virtual Displays JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2024 A1 - Leonardo Pavanatto Soares A1 - Feiyu Lu A1 - North, Chris A1 - Bowman, Doug A. VL - to appear ER - TY - CONF T1 - Aardvark: Comparative Visualization of Data Analysis Scripts T2 - Symposium on Visualization in Data Science (VDS) at IEEE VIS Y1 - 2023 A1 - Faust, Rebecca A1 - C. Scheidegger A1 - North, Chris JF - Symposium on Visualization in Data Science (VDS) at IEEE VIS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Different realities: a comparison of augmented and virtual reality for the sensemaking process JF - Frontiers in Virtual Reality Y1 - 2023 A1 - Lee Lisle A1 - Kylie Davidson A1 - Edward J.K. Gitre A1 - North, Chris A1 - Bowman, Doug A. VL - 4 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluating Differences in Insights from Interactive Dimensionality Reduction Visualizations through Complexity and Vocabulary T2 - International Conference on Information Visualization Theory and Applications (IVAPP) Y1 - 2023 A1 - Mia Taylor A1 - Lata Kodali A1 - House, Leanna A1 - North, Chris JF - International Conference on Information Visualization Theory and Applications (IVAPP) ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluating the Feasibility of Predicting Information Relevance During Sensemaking with Eye Gaze Data T2 - 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) Y1 - 2023 A1 - Tahmid, Ibrahim A. A1 - Lee Lisle A1 - Kylie Davidson A1 - Whitley, Kirsten A1 - North, Chris A1 - Bowman, Doug A. JF - 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Explainable interactive projections of images JF - Machine Vision and Applications Y1 - 2023 A1 - Huimin Han A1 - Faust, Rebecca A1 - Norambuena, Brian Felipe Keith A1 - Jiayue Lin A1 - Song Li A1 - North, Chris VL - 34 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploring the Evolution of Sensemaking Strategies in Immersive Space to Think JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2023 A1 - Kylie Davidson A1 - Lee Lisle A1 - Whitley, Kirsten A1 - Bowman, Doug A. A1 - North, Chris VL - 29 IS - 12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Mixed Multi-Model Semantic Interaction for Graph-based Narrative Visualizations T2 - ACM Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) Y1 - 2023 A1 - Brian Keith Norambuena A1 - Tanu Mitra A1 - North, Chris JF - ACM Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reflecting on the Scalable Adaptive Graphics Environment Team’s 20-Year Translational Research Endeavor in Digital Collaboration Tools JF - Computing in Science & Engineering Y1 - 2023 A1 - Mahdi Belcaid A1 - Jason Leigh A1 - North, Chris A1 - Jesse Harden A1 - et al VL - 25 IS - 2 ER - TY - CONF T1 - SAGE3: Smart Amplified Group Environment T2 - Gateways 2023 Y1 - 2023 A1 - Roderick Tabalba A1 - Nurit Kirshenbaum A1 - Jesse Harden A1 - Christman, Elizabeth A1 - Mahdi Belcaid A1 - North, Chris A1 - Jason Leigh A1 - et al. JF - Gateways 2023 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Spaces to Think: A Comparison of Small, Large, and Immersive Displays for the Sensemaking Process T2 - IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) Y1 - 2023 A1 - Lee Lisle A1 - Kylie Davidson A1 - Leonardo Pavanatto Soares A1 - Tahmid, Ibrahim A. A1 - North, Chris A1 - Bowman, Doug A. JF - IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Survey on Event-Based News Narrative Extraction JF - ACM Computing Surveys Y1 - 2023 A1 - Norambuena, Brian Felipe Keith A1 - Tanu Mitra A1 - North, Chris VL - 55 IS - 14s ER - TY - CONF T1 - There is no reason anybody should be using 1D anymore: Design and Evaluation of 2D Jupyter Notebooks T2 - Graphics Interface 2023 Y1 - 2023 A1 - Jesse Harden A1 - Christman, Elizabeth A1 - Nurit Kirshenbaum A1 - Mahdi Belcaid A1 - Jason Leigh A1 - North, Chris JF - Graphics Interface 2023 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - This is the Table I Want! Interactive Data Transformation on Desktop and in Virtual Reality JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2023 A1 - Sungwon In A1 - Tica Lin A1 - North, Chris A1 - Pfister, Hanspeter A1 - Yang, Yalong ER - TY - CONF T1 - Uncovering Best Practices in Immersive Space to Think T2 - 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) Y1 - 2023 A1 - Kylie Davidson A1 - Lee Lisle A1 - Tahmid, Ibrahim A. A1 - Whitley, Kirsten A1 - North, Chris A1 - Bowman, Doug A. JF - 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) ER - TY - CONF T1 - Andromeda in the Classroom: Collaborative Data Analysis for 8th Grade Engineering Design T2 - 2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Y1 - 2022 A1 - Mia Taylor A1 - Danny Mathieson A1 - House, Leanna A1 - North, Chris JF - 2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition PB - ASEE Conferences CY - Minneapolis, MN N1 - https://peer.asee.org/41168 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Case Study Comparison of Computational Notebook Platforms for Interactive Visual Analytics T2 - Proceedings of Symposium on Visualization in Data Science (VDS) Y1 - 2022 A1 - Han Liu A1 - North, Chris JF - Proceedings of Symposium on Visualization in Data Science (VDS) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design guidelines for narrative maps in sensemaking tasks JF - Information Visualization Y1 - 2022 A1 - Brian Keith Norambuena A1 - Tanu Mitra A1 - North, Chris ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluating the Benefits of Explicit and Semi-Automated Clusters for Immersive Sensemaking T2 - 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) Y1 - 2022 A1 - Tahmid, Ibrahim A. A1 - Lee Lisle A1 - Kylie Davidson A1 - North, Chris A1 - Bowman, Doug A. JF - 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR) ER - TY - CONF T1 - Explainable Interactive Projections For Image Data T2 - Advances in Visual Computing: 17th International Symposium, ISVC 2022, San Diego, CA, USA, October 3–5, 2022, Proceedings, Part I Y1 - 2022 A1 - Huimin Han A1 - Faust, Rebecca A1 - Norambuena, Brian Felipe Keith A1 - Prabhu, Ritvik A1 - Smith, Timothy A1 - Song Li A1 - North, Chris KW - Explainable AI KW - Image data KW - Interactive dimension reduction KW - Semantic interaction AB - Making sense of large collections of images is difficult. Dimension reductions (DR) assist by organizing images in a 2D space based on similarities, but provide little support for explaining why images were placed together or apart in the 2D space. Additionally, they do not provide support for modifying and updating the 2D space to explore new relationships and organizations of images. To address these problems, we present an interactive DR method for images that uses visual features extracted by a deep neural network to project the images into 2D space and provides visual explanations of image features that contributed to the 2D location. In addition, it allows people to directly manipulate the 2D projection space to define alternative relationships and explore subsequent projections of the images. With an iterative cycle of semantic interaction and explainable-AI feedback, people can explore complex visual relationships in image data. Our approach to human-AI interaction integrates visual knowledge from both human mental models and pre-trained deep neural models to explore image data. We demonstrate our method through examples with collaborators in agricultural science. JF - Advances in Visual Computing: 17th International Symposium, ISVC 2022, San Diego, CA, USA, October 3–5, 2022, Proceedings, Part I PB - Springer-Verlag CY - Berlin, Heidelberg SN - 978-3-031-20712-9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20713-6_6 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Exploring Organization of Computational Notebook Cells in 2D Space T2 - 2022 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC) Y1 - 2022 A1 - Jesse Harden A1 - Christman, Elizabeth A1 - Nurit Kirshenbaum A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Jason Leigh A1 - North, Chris JF - 2022 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC) ER - TY - CONF T1 - Interactive Deep Learning for Sorting Plant Images by Visual Phenotypes T2 - NAPPN Annual Conference Y1 - 2022 A1 - Huimin Han A1 - Song Li A1 - North, Chris JF - NAPPN Annual Conference ER - TY - CONF T1 - Interactive Visualization for Data Science Scripts T2 - 2022 IEEE Visualization in Data Science (VDS) Y1 - 2022 A1 - Faust, Rebecca A1 - C. Scheidegger A1 - K. Isaacs A1 - W. Z. Bernstein A1 - M. Sharp A1 - North, Chris KW - behavioral sciences KW - codes KW - data science KW - Data visualization KW - debugging KW - prototypes KW - visualization AB - As the field of data science continues to grow, so does the need for adequate tools to understand and debug data science scripts. Current debugging practices fall short when applied to a data science setting, due to the exploratory and iterative nature of analysis scripts. Additionally, computational notebooks, the preferred scripting environment of many data scientists, present additional challenges to understanding and debugging workflows, including the non-linear execution of code snippets. This paper presents Anteater, a trace-based visual debugging method for data science scripts. Anteater automatically traces and visualizes execution data with minimal analyst input. The visualizations illustrate execution and value behaviors that aid in understanding the results of analysis scripts. To maximize the number of workflows supported, we present prototype implementations in both Python and Jupyter. Last, to demonstrate Anteater’s support for analysis understanding tasks, we provide two usage scenarios on real world analysis scripts. JF - 2022 IEEE Visualization in Data Science (VDS) PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Los Alamitos, CA, USA UR - https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/VDS57266.2022.00009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bridging cognitive gaps between user and model in interactive dimension reduction JF - Visual Informatics Y1 - 2021 A1 - Ming Wang A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Nicholas Polys A1 - North, Chris VL - 53 IS - 2 ER - TY - CONF T1 - DeepSI: Interactive Deep Learning for Semantic Interaction T2 - 26th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI ’21) Y1 - 2021 A1 - Yali Bian A1 - North, Chris JF - 26th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI ’21) ER - TY - CONF T1 - Do we still need physical monitors? An evaluation of the usability of AR virtual monitors for productivity work T2 - IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) Y1 - 2021 A1 - Leonardo Pavanatto Soares A1 - Doug Bowman A1 - North, Chris A1 - Carmen Badea A1 - Rich Stoakley JF - IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Examination of Grouping and Spatial Organization Tasks for High-Dimensional Data Exploration JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2021 A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - North, Chris VL - 27 IS - 2 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Narrative Sensemaking: Strategies for Narrative Maps Construction T2 - IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS) Y1 - 2021 A1 - Brian Keith Norambuena A1 - Tanu Mitra A1 - North, Chris JF - IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS) ER - TY - CONF T1 - Semantic Explanation of Interactive Dimensionality Reduction T2 - IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS) Y1 - 2021 A1 - Yali Bian A1 - North, Chris A1 - Eric Krokos A1 - Sarah Joseph JF - IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS) ER - TY - CONF T1 - Sensemaking Strategies with Immersive Space to Think T2 - IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) Y1 - 2021 A1 - Lee Lisle A1 - Kylie Davidson A1 - Ed Gitre A1 - North, Chris A1 - Doug Bowman JF - IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) ER - TY - CONF T1 - Traces of Time through Space: Advantages of Creating Complex Canvases in Collaborative Meetings T2 - Interactive Surfaces & Spaces Y1 - 2021 A1 - Nurit Kirshenbaum A1 - Kylie Davidson A1 - Jesse Harden A1 - North, Chris A1 - Jason Leigh JF - Interactive Surfaces & Spaces ER - TY - CONF T1 - Auto-Grading Jupyter Notebooks T2 - SIGCSE 2020 Y1 - 2020 A1 - Hamza Manzoor A1 - Amit Naik A1 - Shaffer, Clifford A. A1 - North, Chris A1 - Stephen H. Edwards JF - SIGCSE 2020 ER - TY - CONF T1 - CrowdTrace: Visualizing Provenance in Distributed Sensemaking T2 - IEEE VIS Short Papers Y1 - 2020 A1 - Li, Tianyi A1 - Belghith, Yasmine A1 - North, Chris A1 - Luther, Kurt JF - IEEE VIS Short Papers ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluating the Benefits of the Immersive Space to Think T2 - IEEE 6th Workshop on Everyday Virtual Reality (WEVR) Y1 - 2020 A1 - Lee Lisle A1 - Xiaoyu Chen A1 - Edward J.K. Gitre A1 - North, Chris A1 - Bowman, Doug A. JF - IEEE 6th Workshop on Everyday Virtual Reality (WEVR) T3 - WEVR PB - IEEE ER - TY - CONF T1 - Immersive Space to Think: The Role of 3D Space for Sensemaking T2 - 4th Workshop on Immersive Analytics at ACM CHI 2020 Y1 - 2020 A1 - Payel Bandyopadhyay A1 - Lee Lisle A1 - North, Chris A1 - Bowman, Doug A. A1 - Polys, Nicholas F. JF - 4th Workshop on Immersive Analytics at ACM CHI 2020 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactive Artificial Intelligence: Designing for the "Two Black Boxes" Problem JF - IEEE Computer Y1 - 2020 A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - North, Chris VL - 53 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling the Effect of Computation Sampling on Insight Error in Computational Fluid Dynamics Scientific Simulation JF - Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology Y1 - 2020 A1 - Moeti M. Masiane A1 - Eric Jacques A1 - Wuchun Feng A1 - North, Chris ER - TY - CONF T1 - NetReAct: Interactive Learning for Network Summarization T2 - NeurIPS 2020 Workshop on Human and Model in the Loop Evaluation and Training Strategies (HAMLETS) Y1 - 2020 A1 - Amiri, Sorour A1 - Adhikari, Bijaya A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Rodriguez, Alexander A1 - Michelle Dowling A1 - North, Chris A1 - Prakash, Aditya JF - NeurIPS 2020 Workshop on Human and Model in the Loop Evaluation and Training Strategies (HAMLETS) ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Smart Amplified Group Environment T2 - 4th Workshop on Immersive Analytics at ACM CHI 2020 Y1 - 2020 A1 - Nurit Kirshenbaum A1 - Dylan Kobayashi A1 - Mahdi Belcaid A1 - Jason Leigh A1 - Luc Renambot A1 - Andrew Burks A1 - Krishna Bharadwaj A1 - Lance Long A1 - Maxine Brown A1 - Jason Haga A1 - North, Chris JF - 4th Workshop on Immersive Analytics at ACM CHI 2020 ER - TY - CONF T1 - With Respect to What? Simultaneous Interaction with Dimension Reduction and Clustering Projections T2 - Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces Y1 - 2020 A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Michelle Dowling A1 - North, Chris KW - clustering KW - dimension reduction KW - interaction KW - Visual Analytics JF - Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces T3 - IUI ’20 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 9781450371186 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3377325.3377516 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Albireo: An Interactive Tool for Visually Summarizing Computational Notebook Structure T2 - 2019 Symposium on Visualization in Data Science (VDS’19) Y1 - 2019 A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Zhao, Jian A1 - Carter, Scott A1 - Cooper, Matthew A1 - North, Chris JF - 2019 Symposium on Visualization in Data Science (VDS’19) ER - TY - CONF T1 - DeepVA: Bridging Cognition and Computation through Semantic Interaction and Deep Learning T2 - Proceedings of the IEEE VIS Workshop MLUI 2019: Machine Learning from User Interactions for Visualization and Analytics. VIS’19. Y1 - 2019 A1 - Yali Bian A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - North, Chris JF - Proceedings of the IEEE VIS Workshop MLUI 2019: Machine Learning from User Interactions for Visualization and Analytics. VIS’19. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dropping the Baton?: Understanding Errors and Bottlenecks in a Crowdsourced Sensemaking Pipeline JF - Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. Y1 - 2019 A1 - Li, Tianyi A1 - Manns, Chandler J. A1 - North, Chris A1 - Luther, Kurt KW - crowdsourcing KW - Intelligence Analysis KW - investigations KW - mysteries KW - sensemaking KW - text analytics AB - Crowdsourced sensemaking has shown great potential for enabling scalable analysis of complex data sets, from planning trips, to designing products, to solving crimes. Yet, most crowd sensemaking approaches still require expert intervention because of worker errors and bottlenecks that would otherwise harm the output quality. Mitigating these errors and bottlenecks would significantly reduce the burden on experts, yet little is known about the types of mistakes crowds make with sensemaking micro-tasks and how they propagate in the sensemaking loop. In this paper, we conduct a series of studies with 325 crowd workers using a crowd sensemaking pipeline to solve a fictional terrorist plot, focusing on understanding why errors and bottlenecks happen and how they propagate. We classify types of crowd errors and show how the amount and quality of input data influence worker performance. We conclude by suggesting design recommendations for integrated crowdsourcing systems and speculating how a complementary top-down path of the pipeline could refine crowd analyses. PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA VL - 3 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3359238 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Edge Bundling and Seriation on Sensemaking of Biclusters in Bipartite Graphs JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2019 A1 - Sun, Maoyuan A1 - Zhao, Jian A1 - Hao Wu A1 - Luther, Kurt A1 - North, Chris A1 - Ramakrishnan, Naren KW - Bicluster KW - bicluster visualizations KW - bicluster-based seriation KW - Bioinformatics KW - Bipartite graph KW - bipartite graph based visualizations KW - data analysis KW - data visualisation KW - edge bundles KW - edge bundling KW - edge crossings KW - exploratory data analysis KW - graph theory KW - Image edge detection KW - Layout KW - pattern clustering KW - product bundles KW - seriation KW - Visual Analytics AB - Exploring coordinated relationships (e.g., shared relationships between two sets of entities) is an important analytics task in a variety of real-world applications, such as discovering similarly behaved genes in bioinformatics, detecting malware collusions in cyber security, and identifying products bundles in marketing analysis. Coordinated relationships can be formalized as biclusters. In order to support visual exploration of biclusters, bipartite graphs based visualizations have been proposed, and edge bundling is used to show biclusters. However, it suffers from edge crossings due to possible overlaps of biclusters, and lacks in-depth understanding of its impact on user exploring biclusters in bipartite graphs. To address these, we propose a novel bicluster-based seriation technique that can reduce edge crossings in bipartite graphs drawing and conducted a user experiment to study the effect of edge bundling and this proposed technique on visualizing biclusters in bipartite graphs. We found that they both had impact on reducing entity visits for users exploring biclusters, and edge bundles helped them find more justified answers. Moreover, we identified four key trade-offs that inform the design of future bicluster visualizations. The study results suggest that edge bundling is critical for exploring biclusters in bipartite graphs, which helps to reduce low-level perceptual problems and support high-level inferences. VL - 25 IS - 10 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluating Semantic Interaction on Word Embeddings via Simulation T2 - EValuation of Interactive VisuAl Machine Learning systems, an IEEE VIS 2019 Workshop Y1 - 2019 A1 - Yali Bian A1 - Michelle Dowling A1 - North, Chris JF - EValuation of Interactive VisuAl Machine Learning systems, an IEEE VIS 2019 Workshop ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immersive Analytics: Theory and Research Agenda JF - Frontiers in Robotics and AI Y1 - 2019 A1 - Skarbez, Richard A1 - Polys, Nicholas F. A1 - Ogle, J. Todd A1 - North, Chris A1 - Bowman, Doug A. AB - Advances in a variety of computing fields, including “big data,” machine learning, visualization, and augmented/mixed/virtual reality, have combined to give rise to the emerging field of immersive analytics, which investigates how these new technologies support analysis and decision making. Thus far, we feel that immersive analytics research has been somewhat ad hoc, possibly owing to the fact that there is not yet an organizing framework for immersive analytics research. In this paper, we address this lack by proposing a definition for immersive analytics and identifying some general research areas and specific research questions that will be important for the development of this field. We also present three case studies that, while all being examples of what we would consider immersive analytics, present different challenges, and opportunities. These serve to demonstrate the breadth of immersive analytics and illustrate how the framework proposed in this paper applies to practical research. VL - 6 UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/frobt.2019.00082 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Interactive Bicluster Aggregation in Bipartite Graphs T2 - VIS 2019 Short Papers Y1 - 2019 A1 - Sun, Maoyuan A1 - Koop, David A1 - Zhao, Jian A1 - North, Chris A1 - Ramakrishnan, Naren JF - VIS 2019 Short Papers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactive Visual Analytics for Sensemaking with Big Text JF - Big Data Research Y1 - 2019 A1 - Michelle Dowling A1 - Nathan Wycoff A1 - Brian Mayer A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Nicholas Polys A1 - North, Chris A1 - Peter Hauck KW - Big data KW - interactive visual analytics KW - Semantic interaction KW - text analytics KW - Topic modeling KW - visualization AB - Analysts face many steep challenges when performing sensemaking tasks on collections of textual information larger than can be reasonably analyzed without computational assistance. To scale up such sensemaking tasks, new methods are needed to interactively integrate human cognitive sensemaking activity with machine learning. Towards that goal, we offer a human-in-the-loop computational model that mirrors the human sensemaking process, and consists of foraging and synthesis sub-processes. We model the synthesis loop as an interactive spatial projection and the foraging loop as an interactive relevance ranking combined with topic modeling. We combine these two components of the sensemaking process using semantic interaction such that the human's spatial synthesis actions are transformed into automated foraging and synthesis of new relevant information. Ultimately, the model's ability to forage as a result of the analyst's synthesis activities makes interacting with big text data easier and more efficient, thereby facilitating analysts' sensemaking ability. We discuss the interaction design and theory behind our interactive sensemaking model. The model is embodied in a novel visual analytics prototype called Cosmos in which analysts synthesize structure within the larger corpus by directly interacting with a reduced-dimensionality space to express relationships on a subset of data. We then demonstrate how Cosmos supports sensemaking tasks with a realistic scenario that investigates the affect of natural disasters in Adelaide, Australia in September 2016 using a database of over 30,000 news articles. VL - 16 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214579618302995 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Machine Learning from Interaction in Multi-Model Visual Analytics T2 - Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference Workshop on Human-Centered Machine Learning Perspectives at CHI’19. Y1 - 2019 A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - North, Chris JF - Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference Workshop on Human-Centered Machine Learning Perspectives at CHI’19. ER - TY - CONF T1 - Machine Learning from User Interaction for Visualization and Analytics: A Workshop-Generated Research Agenda T2 - Proceedings of the IEEE VIS Workshop MLUI 2019: Machine Learning from User Interactions for Visualization and Analytics. VIS’19. Y1 - 2019 A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Michelle Dowling A1 - Grose, Laura A1 - North, Chris A1 - Chang, Remco A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Rogers, David JF - Proceedings of the IEEE VIS Workshop MLUI 2019: Machine Learning from User Interactions for Visualization and Analytics. VIS’19. ER - TY - CONF T1 - Pollux: Interactive Cluster-First Projections of High-Dimensional Data T2 - 2019 Symposium on Visualization in Data Science (VDS’19) Y1 - 2019 A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - North, Chris JF - 2019 Symposium on Visualization in Data Science (VDS’19) ER - TY - CONF T1 - Simultaneous Interaction with Dimension Reduction and Clustering Projections T2 - Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces: Companion Y1 - 2019 A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Michelle Dowling A1 - North, Chris KW - clustering KW - dimension reduction KW - interaction KW - Visual Analytics JF - Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces: Companion T3 - IUI '19 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-4503-6673-1 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3308557.3308718 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Towards insight-driven sampling for big data visualisation JF - Behaviour & Information Technology Y1 - 2019 A1 - Moeti M. Masiane A1 - Anne Driscoll A1 - Wuchun Feng A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - North, Chris PB - Taylor & Francis UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1616223 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Uncertainty in Interactive WMDS Visualizations T2 - 2019 Symposium on Visualization in Data Science Posters Y1 - 2019 A1 - Lata Kodali A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Nathan Wycoff A1 - House, Leanna A1 - North, Chris KW - poster AB - Visualizations are useful when learning from high-dimensional data. However, visualizations can be misleading when they do not incorporate measures of uncertainty; e.g., uncertainty from the data or the dimension reduction algorithm used to create the visual display. In our work, we extend a framework called Bayesian Visual Analytics (BaVA) on a dimension reduction algorithm, Weighted Multidimensional Scaling (WMDS), to incorporate uncertainty as analysts explore data visually. BaVA-WMDS visualizations are interactive, and possible interactions include manipulating variable weights and/or the coordinates of the two-dimensional projection. Uncertainty exists in these visualizations on the variable weights, the user interactions, and the fit of WMDS. We quantify these uncertainties using Bayesian models exploring randomness in both coordinates and weights in a method we call Interactive Probabilistic WMDS (IP-WMDS). Specifically, we use posterior estimates to assess fit of WMDS, the range of motion of coordinates, as well as variability in weights. Visually, we display such uncertainty in the form of color and ellipses, and practically, these uncertainties reflect trust in fitting a dimension reduction algorithm. Our results show that these displays of uncertainty highlight different aspects of the visualization, which can help inform analysts. JF - 2019 Symposium on Visualization in Data Science Posters T3 - VDS'19 CY - Vancouver, BC, Canada ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Be the Data: Embodied Visual Analytics JF - IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies Y1 - 2018 A1 - Xin Chen A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Sun, Maoyuan A1 - Nathan Wycoff A1 - Jane Robertson Evia A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - North, Chris VL - 11 IS - 1 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Bidirectional Pipeline for Semantic Interaction T2 - VIS Workshop on Machine Learning from User Interaction for Visualization and Analytics Y1 - 2018 A1 - Michelle Dowling A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Peter Hauck A1 - Adam Binford A1 - Nicholas Polys A1 - North, Chris JF - VIS Workshop on Machine Learning from User Interaction for Visualization and Analytics ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Cognitive and Computational Benefits and Limitations of Clustering for Sensemaking T2 - CHI '18 Workshop on Sensemaking in a Senseless World Y1 - 2018 A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Michelle Dowling A1 - North, Chris KW - clustering KW - exploratory data analysis KW - interaction KW - sensemaking KW - tasks KW - visualization AB - The cognitive process of sensemaking refers to acquiring, representing, and organizing information in order to understand that information. The organization component naturally supports the introduction of clusters, an important enabler for grouping objects such that similar objects are placed in the same cluster. This paper explores the benefits and limitations of introducing clusters into systems for exploratory data analysis. We consider these issues for tasks that the system may support, methods for visualizing and interacting with data in the system, and algorithms that are encoded into the system. We discuss the use of clusters in these systems with respect to cognition and computation, and we call out future areas of research in this area. JF - CHI '18 Workshop on Sensemaking in a Senseless World CY - Montreal, QC, Canada ER - TY - UNPB T1 - Construction and Usage of the Semantic Interaction Pipeline Y1 - 2018 A1 - Michelle Dowling A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Peter Hauck A1 - Adam Binford A1 - Theo Long A1 - Nicholas Polys A1 - North, Chris AB - Semantic interaction techniques in visual data analytics allow users to indirectly adjust model parameters by directly manipulating the visual output of the models. Many existing tools that support semantic interaction do so with a number of similar features, including using an underlying bidirectional pipeline, using a series of statistical models, and performing inverse computations to transform user interactions into model updates. We propose a visual analytics pipeline that captures these necessary features of semantic interactions. Our flexible, multi-model, bidirectional pipeline has modular functionality to enable rapid prototyping. This enables quick alterations to the type of data being visualized, models for transforming the data, semantic interaction methods, and visual encodings. To demonstrate how this pipeline can be used, we developed a series of applications that employ semantic interactions. We also discuss how the pipeline can be used or extended for future research on semantic interactions in visual analytics. PB - InfoVis Lab, Virginia Tech CY - Blacksburg, VA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CrowdIA: Solving Mysteries with Crowdsourced Sensemaking JF - Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. Y1 - 2018 A1 - Li, Tianyi A1 - Luther, Kurt A1 - North, Chris KW - crowdsourcing KW - Intelligence Analysis KW - investigation KW - mysteries KW - sensemaking KW - text analytics PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York, NY, USA VL - 2 UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/3274374 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Crowdsourcing Intelligence Analysis with Context Slices T2 - CHI 2018 Workshop on Sensemaking in a Senseless World Y1 - 2018 A1 - Li, Tianyi A1 - Asmita Shah A1 - Luther, Kurt A1 - North, Chris JF - CHI 2018 Workshop on Sensemaking in a Senseless World ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Effect of Semantic Interaction on Foraging in Text Analysis T2 - 2018 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) Y1 - 2018 A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - Michelle Dowling A1 - House, Leanna A1 - North, Chris AB - Completing text analysis tasks is a continuous sensemaking loop of foraging for information and incrementally synthesizing it into hypotheses. Past research has shown the advantages of using spatial workspaces as a means for synthesizing information through externalizing hypotheses and creating spatial schemas. However, spatializing the entirety of datasets becomes prohibitive as the number of documents available to the analysts grows, particularly when only a small subset are relevant to the task at hand. StarSPIRE is a visual analytics tool designed to explore collections of documents, leveraging users' semantic interactions to steer (1) a synthesis model that aids in document layout, and (2) a foraging model to automatically retrieve new relevant information. In contrast to traditional keyword search foraging (KSF), "semantic interaction foraging" (SIF) occurs as a result of the user's synthesis actions. To quantify the value of semantic interaction foraging, we use StarSPIRE to evaluate its utility for an intelligence analysis sensemaking task. Semantic interaction foraging accounted for 26% of useful documents found, and it also resulted in increased synthesis interactions and improved sensemaking task performance by users in comparison to only using keyword search. JF - 2018 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactive Discovery of Coordinated Relationship Chains with Maximum Entropy Models JF - ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data Y1 - 2018 A1 - Hao Wu A1 - Sun, Maoyuan A1 - Peng Mi A1 - Nikolaj Ta A1 - North, Chris A1 - Ramakrishnan, Naren VL - 12 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observation-Level and Parametric Interaction for High-Dimensional Data Analysis JF - ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems Y1 - 2018 A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - Michelle Dowling A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Ian Crandell A1 - Ming Wang A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - North, Chris VL - 8 IS - 2 ER - TY - CONF T1 - SIRIUS: Dual, Symmetric, Interactive Dimension Reductions T2 - 2018 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) Y1 - 2018 A1 - Michelle Dowling A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - J.T. Fry A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - House, Leanna A1 - North, Chris KW - attribute projection KW - dimension reduction KW - exploratory data analysis KW - observation projection KW - Semantic interaction AB - Much research has been done regarding how to visualize and interact with observations and attributes of high-dimensional data for exploratory data analysis. From the analyst's perceptual and cognitive perspective, current visualization approaches typically treat the observations of the high-dimensional dataset very differently from the attributes. Often, the attributes are treated as inputs (e.g., sliders), and observations as outputs (e.g., projection plots), thus emphasizing investigation of the observations. However, there are many cases in which analysts wish to investigate both the observations and the attributes of the dataset, suggesting a symmetry between how analysts think about attributes and observations. To address this, we define SIRIUS (Symmetric Interactive Representations In a Unified System), a symmetric, dual projection technique to support exploratory data analysis of high-dimensional data. We provide an example implementation of SIRIUS and demonstrate how this symmetry affords additional insights. JF - 2018 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smooth, Efficient, and Interruptible Zooming and Panning JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization & Computer Graphics Y1 - 2018 A1 - Reach, Caleb A1 - North, Chris ER - TY - Generic T1 - Towards a Systematic Combination of Dimension Reduction and Clustering in Visual Analytics Y1 - 2018 A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - Ian Crandell A1 - Ramakrishnan, Naren A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - North, Chris KW - Algorithm design and analysis KW - clustering KW - Clustering algorithms KW - Data visualization KW - Dimension reduction;algorithms KW - Manifolds KW - Partitioning algorithms KW - Visual Analytics KW - visualization JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics VL - 24 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Bringing Interactive Visual Analytics to the Classroom for Developing EDA Skills T2 - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Consortium of Computing Sciences in Colleges (CCSC) Eastern Regional Conference Y1 - 2017 A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - Self, Nathan A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Jane Robertson Evia A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - North, Chris JF - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Consortium of Computing Sciences in Colleges (CCSC) Eastern Regional Conference ER - TY - CONF T1 - Observation-Level Interaction with Clustering and Dimension Reduction Algorithms T2 - Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Human-In-the-Loop Data Analytics Y1 - 2017 A1 - Wenskovitch, John A1 - North, Chris KW - data clustering KW - Observation-Level Interaction (OLI) KW - Semantic interaction KW - sensemaking KW - Visual Analytics JF - Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Human-In-the-Loop Data Analytics T3 - HILDA'17 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-4503-5029-7 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3077257.3077259 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Portable Parallel Design of Weighted Multi-Dimensional Scaling for Real-Time Data Analysis T2 - 2017 IEEE 19th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications Y1 - 2017 A1 - Dash, Sajal A1 - Anshuman Verma A1 - North, Chris A1 - Feng, Wu-chun JF - 2017 IEEE 19th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - AVIST: A GPU-Centric Design for Visual Exploration of Large Multidimensional Datasets JF - Informatics Y1 - 2016 A1 - Peng Mi A1 - Sun, Maoyuan A1 - Moeti Masiane A1 - Yong Cao A1 - North, Chris PB - MDPI VL - 3 UR - http://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/3/4/18 IS - 4 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Be the Data: A New Approach for Immersive Analytics T2 - IEEE Virtual Reality 2016 Workshop on Immersive Analytics Y1 - 2016 A1 - Xin Chen A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - House, Leanna A1 - North, Chris JF - IEEE Virtual Reality 2016 Workshop on Immersive Analytics ER - TY - CONF T1 - Be the Data: An Embodied Experience for Data Analytics T2 - 2016 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) Y1 - 2016 A1 - Xin Chen A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - Jane Robertson Evia A1 - James Thomas Fry A1 - North, Chris JF - 2016 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) ER - TY - CONF T1 - Be the Data: Social Meetings with Visual Analytics T2 - International Workshop on Visualization and Collaboration (VisualCol 2016) Y1 - 2016 A1 - Xin Chen A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - Sun, Maoyuan A1 - House, Leanna A1 - North, Chris JF - International Workshop on Visualization and Collaboration (VisualCol 2016) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - BiSet: Semantic Edge Bundling with Biclusters for Sensemaking JF - Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Y1 - 2016 A1 - Sun, Maoyuan A1 - Peng, Mi A1 - North, Chris A1 - Ramakrishnan, Naren AB - Identifying coordinated relationships is an important task in data analytics. For example, an intelligence analyst might want to discover three suspicious people who all visited the same four cities. Existing techniques that display individual relationships, such as between lists of entities, require repetitious manual selection and significant mental aggregation in cluttered visualizations to find coordinated relationships. In this paper, we present BiSet, a visual analytics technique to support interactive exploration of coordinated relationships. In BiSet, we model coordinated relationships as biclusters and algorithmically mine them from a dataset. Then, we visualize the biclusters in context as bundled edges between sets of related entities. Thus, bundles enable analysts to infer task-oriented semantic insights about potentially coordinated activities. We make bundles as first class objects and add a new layer, “in-between”, to contain these bundle objects. Based on this, bundles serve to organize entities represented in lists and visually reveal their membership. Users can interact with edge bundles to organize related entities, and vice versa, for sensemaking purposes. With a usage scenario, we demonstrate how BiSet supports the exploration of coordinated relationships in text analytics. PB - IEEE VL - 22 IS - 1 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Bridging the Gap between User Intention and Model Parameters for Data Analytics T2 - SIGMOD 2016 Workshop on Human-In-the-Loop Data Analytics (HILDA 2016) Y1 - 2016 A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - Vinayagam, R.K. A1 - James Thomas Fry A1 - North, Chris JF - SIGMOD 2016 Workshop on Human-In-the-Loop Data Analytics (HILDA 2016) ER - TY - CONF T1 - Designing Usable Interactive Visual Analytics Tools for Dimension Reduction T2 - CHI 2016 Workshop on Human-Centered Machine Learning (HCML) Y1 - 2016 A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - Hu, Xinran A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - North, Chris JF - CHI 2016 Workshop on Human-Centered Machine Learning (HCML) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactive Graph Layout of a Million Nodes JF - Informatics Y1 - 2016 A1 - Peng Mi A1 - Sun, Maoyuan A1 - Moeti Masiane A1 - Yong Cao A1 - North, Chris VL - 3 UR - http://www.mdpi.com/2227-9709/3/4/23 IS - 4 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Usability Challenges underlying Bicluster Interaction for Sensemaking T2 - CHI 2016 Workshop on Human Centred Machine Learning Y1 - 2016 A1 - Sun, Maoyuan A1 - Peng Mi A1 - Hao Wu A1 - North, Chris A1 - Ramakrishnan, Naren JF - CHI 2016 Workshop on Human Centred Machine Learning ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Andromeda: Observation-Level and Parametric Interaction for Exploratory Data Analysis Y1 - 2015 A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - North, Chris AB - Exploring high-dimensional number of dimensions in datasets increases, it becomes harder to discover patterns and develop insights. Dimension reduction algorithms, such as multidimensional scaling, support data explorations by reducing datasets to two dimensions for visualization. Because these algorithms rely on underlying parameterizations, they may be tweaked to assess the data from multiple perspectives. Alas, tweaking can be difficult for users without a strong knowledge base of the underlying algorithms. We present Andromeda, an interactive visual analytics tool we developed to enable non-experts of statistical models to explore domain- specific, high-dimensional data. This application implements interactive weighted multidimensional scaling (WMDS) and allows for both parametric and observation- level interaction to provide in-depth data exploration. In this paper, we present the results of a controlled usability study assessing Andromeda. We focus on the comparison of parametric interaction, observation-level interaction and a combination of the two. PB - Virginia Tech CY - Blacksburg ER - TY - CONF T1 - Bandlimited OLAP cubes for interactive big data visualization T2 - Large Data Analysis and Visualization (LDAV), 2015 IEEE 5th Symposium on Y1 - 2015 A1 - Reach, Caleb A1 - North, Chris AB - Visualizations backed by data cubes can scale to massive datasets while remaining interactive. However, the use of data cubes introduces artifacts, causing these visualizations to appear noisy at best and deceptive at worst. Moreover, data cubes highly constrain the space of possible visualizations. For example, a histogram backed by a data cube is constrained to have a bin width that is a multiple of the data cube bin size. Similarly, for dynamic queries backed by data cubes, query extents must be aligned with bin boundaries. We present bandlimited OLAP (online analytical processing) cubes (BLOCs), a technique that uses established tools from digital signal processing to generate interactive visualizations of very large datasets. Based on kernel density plots and Gaussian filtering, BLOCs suppress the artifacts that occur in data cubes and allow for a continuous range of zoom/pan positions and continuous dynamic queries. JF - Large Data Analysis and Visualization (LDAV), 2015 IEEE 5th Symposium on PB - IEEE CY - Chicago, IL, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Big Text Visual Analytics in Sensemaking T2 - IEEE International Symposium on Big Data Visual Analytics Y1 - 2015 A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - Nathan Wycoff A1 - House, Leanna A1 - North, Chris JF - IEEE International Symposium on Big Data Visual Analytics ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bringing Interactive Visual Analytics to the Classroom for Developing EDA Skills Y1 - 2015 A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - Self, Nathan A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Jane Robertson Evia A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - North, Chris KW - dimension reduction KW - education KW - multidimensional scaling KW - multivariate analysis KW - Visual Analytics AB - This paper addresses the use of visual analytics in education for teaching what we call cognitive dimensionality (CD) and other EDA skills. We present the concept of CD to characterize students' capacity for making dimensionally complex insights from data. Using this concept, we build a vocabulary and methodology to support a student’s progression in terms of growth from low cognitive dimensionality (LCD) to high cognitive dimensionality (HCD). Crucially, students do not need high-level math skills to develop HCD. Rather, we use our own tool called Andromeda that enables human-computer interaction with a common, easy to interpret visualization method called Weighted Multidimensional Scaling (WMDS) to promote the idea of making high-dimensional insights. In this paper, we present Andromeda and report findings from a series of classroom assignments to 18 graduate students. These assignments progress from spreadsheet manipulations to statistical software such as R and finally to the use of Andromeda. In parallel with the assignments, we saw students' CD begin low and improve. PB - Virginia Tech CY - Blacksburg ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Designing for Interactive Dimension Reduction Visual Analytics Tools to Explore High-Dimensional Data Y1 - 2015 A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - Hu, Xinran A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - North, Chris AB - Exploring high-dimensional data is challenging. As the number of dimensions in datasets increases, the harder it becomes to discover patterns and develop insights. Dimension reduction algorithms, such as multidimensional scaling, support data explorations by reducing datasets to two dimensions for visualization. Because these algorithms rely on underlying parameterizations, they may be tweaked to assess the data from multiple perspectives. Alas, tweaking can be difficult for users without a strong knowledge base of the underlying algorithms. In this paper, we present principles for developing interactive visual analytic systems that enable users to tweak model parameters directly or indirectly so that they may explore high-dimensional data. To exemplify our principles, we introduce an application that implements interactive weighted multidimensional scaling (WMDS). Our application, Andromeda, allows for both parametric and object-level interaction to provide in-depth data exploration. In this paper, we describe the types of tasks and insights that users may gain with Andromeda. Also, the final version of Andromeda is the result of sequential improvements made to multiple designs that were critiqued by users. With each critique we uncovered design principles of effective, interactive, visual analytic tools. These design principles focus on three main areas: (1) layout, (2) semantically visualizing parameters, and (3) designing the communication between the interface and the algorithm. PB - Virginia Tech CY - Blacksburg ER - TY - CONF T1 - Four considerations for supporting visual analysis in display ecologies T2 - Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST), 2015 IEEE Conference on Y1 - 2015 A1 - Chung, Haeyong A1 - North, Chris A1 - Joshi, Sarang A1 - Chen, Jian AB - The current proliferation of large displays and mobile devices presents a number of exciting opportunities for visual analytics and information visualization. The display ecology enables multiple displays to function in concert within a broader technological environment to accomplish visual analysis tasks. Based on a comprehensive survey of multi-display systems from a variety of fields, we propose four key considerations for visual analysis in display ecologies: 1) Display Composition, 2) Information Coordination/Transfer, 3) Information Connection, and 4) Display Membership. Different aspects of display ecologies stemming from these design considerations will enable users to transform and empower multiple displays as a display ecology for visual analysis. JF - Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST), 2015 IEEE Conference on PB - IEEE CY - Chicago, IL, USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semantic Interaction: Coupling Cognition and Computation through Usable Interactive Analytics JF - IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications Y1 - 2015 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Chang, Remco A1 - North, Chris A1 - Zhou, Michelle IS - July/August ER - TY - CONF T1 - Visualizing Traffic Causality for Analyzing Network Anomalies T2 - Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Workshop on Security and Privacy Analytics Y1 - 2015 A1 - Zhang, Hao A1 - Sun, Maoyuan A1 - Yao, Danfeng A1 - North, Chris KW - anomaly detection KW - information visualization KW - network traffic analysis KW - usable security KW - visual locality JF - Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Workshop on Security and Privacy Analytics T3 - IWSPA '15 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-4503-3341-2 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2713579.2713583 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Augmenting the educational curriculum with the Visual Analytics Science and Technology Challenge: Opportunities and pitfalls JF - Information Visualization Y1 - 2014 A1 - Rohrdantz, Christian A1 - Mansmann, Florian A1 - North, Chris A1 - Keim, Daniel A AB - With its mission to move science into practice, the Visual Analytics Science and Technology Challenge has become an integrated part of the annual Visual Analytics Science and Technology Conference since its inception in 2006. In this article, we discuss how we can transfer this objective into a classroom setting by using the Visual Analytics Science and Technology Challenge datasets and by encouraging student submissions to the challenge. By means of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives for Knowledge-Based Goals, we show how the Visual Analytics Science and Technology Challenge enables the integration of additional learning objectives into two types of courses: a dedicated course that focuses on the contest participation and an integrated course that uses the contest data to emphasize practical course elements. The core contribution of this article is that we assess the opportunities and pitfalls that we experienced at the University of Konstanz in Germany and Virginia Tech in the United States when augmenting the educational curriculum with the Visual Analytics Science and Technology Challenge. VL - 13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Event-Based Text Visual Analytics T2 - VAST Challenge 2014 Y1 - 2014 A1 - Wang, Ji A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - North, Chris KW - event extraction KW - Semantic interaction KW - sensemaking KW - topic modelling AB - We present an event-based approach for solving a directed sensemaking task in which we combine powerful information foraging tools with intuitive synthesis spaces to solve the VAST 2014 Mini-Challenge 1 (MC1). A combination of student-created and commericially available software are used to solve various aspects of the scenario. In addition to applying entitiy extraction and topic modelling, we enable the user to explore a large dataset using multi-model semantic interaction, which infers analytical reasoning from user actions to augment the data spatialization and determine what information should be presented and suggested to the user. Additionally, we visualize extracted topics using Tableau to construct a timeline of events surrounding the questions posed by the challen JF - VAST Challenge 2014 CY - Paris, France ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The human is the loop: new directions for visual analytics JF - Journal of Intelligent Information Systems Y1 - 2014 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Hossain, M. Shahriar A1 - Ramakrishnan, Naren A1 - North, Chris A1 - Fiaux, Patrick A1 - Andrews, Christopher KW - clustering KW - Semantic interaction KW - Spatialization KW - Storytelling KW - Visual Analytics AB - Visual analytics is the science of marrying interactive visualizations and analytic algorithms to support exploratory knowledge discovery in large datasets. We argue for a shift from a ‘human in the loop’ philosophy for visual analytics to a ‘human is the loop’ viewpoint, where the focus is on recognizing analysts’ work processes, and seamlessly fitting analytics into that existing interactive process. We survey a range of projects that provide visual analytic support contextually in the sensemaking loop, and outline a research agenda along with future challenges. PB - Springer US VL - 43 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Improving Students' Cognitive Dimensionality through Education with Object-Level Interaction Y1 - 2014 A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - Self, Nathan A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - North, Chris KW - multivariate data analysis KW - object level interaction KW - Visual Analytics AB - This paper addresses the use of visual analytics techniques in education to advance students' cognitive dimensionality. Students naturally tend to characterize data in simplistic one dimensional terms using metrics such as mean, median, mode. Real- world data, however, is more complex and students need to learn to recognize and create high-dimensional arguments. Data exploration methods can encourage thinking beyond traditional one dimensional insights. In particular, visual analytics tools that afford object-level interaction (OLI) allow for generation of more complex insights, despite inexperience with multivariate data. With these tools, students’ insights are of higher complexity in terms of dimensionality and cardinality and built on more diverse interactions. We present the concept of cognitive dimensionality to characterize students' capacity for dimensionally complex insights. Using this concept, we build a vocabulary and methodology to support a student’s progression in terms of growth from low to high cognitive dimensionality. We report findings from a series of classroom assignments with increasingly complex analysis tools. These assignments progressed from spreadsheet manipulations to statistical software such as R and finally to an OLI application, Andromeda. Our findings suggest that students' cognitive dimensionality can be improved and further research on the impact of visual analytics tools on education for cognitive dimensionality is warranted. PB - Virginia Tech CY - Blacksburg ER - TY - CONF T1 - Making Sense of Daily Life Data: From Commonalities To Anomalies T2 - VAST Challenge 2014 Y1 - 2014 A1 - Wang, Ji A1 - Peng Mi A1 - North, Chris KW - Geo-visualization KW - human information interaction KW - Intelligence Analysis KW - sense-makingloop KW - visualanalysis AB - We report the approach and results to solve the VAST 2014 Mini-Challenge 2 (MC2). Based on the commercial interactive visualization software Tableau, we follow the notional model of sensemaking loop for analysis of the massive multi-dimensional, multi-source and time-varying data sets in MC2. Our findings show that we can effectively identify the commonalities and anomalies to understand the GAStech employees' daily life. JF - VAST Challenge 2014 ER - TY - CONF T1 - ReCloud: Semantics-based Word Cloud Visualization of User Reviews T2 - Proceedings of the 2014 Graphics Interface Conference Y1 - 2014 A1 - Wang, Ji A1 - Zhao, Jian A1 - Guo, Sheng A1 - North, Chris A1 - Ramakrishnan, Naren JF - Proceedings of the 2014 Graphics Interface Conference T3 - GI '14 PB - Canadian Information Processing Society CY - Toronto, Ont., Canada, Canada SN - 978-1-4822-6003-8 UR - http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2619648.2619674 ER - TY - CONF T1 - StarSpire: Multi-Model Semantic Interaction for Text Analytics T2 - IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) Y1 - 2014 A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - North, Chris A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Leman, Scotland AB - Semantic interaction offers an intuitive communication mechanism between human users and complex statistical models. By shielding the users from manipulating model parameters, they focus instead on directly manipulating the spatialization, thus remaining in their cognitive zone. However, this technique is not inherently scalable past hundreds of text documents. To remedy this, we present the concept of multi-model semantic interaction, where semantic interactions can be used to steer multiple models at multiple levels of data scale, enabling users to tackle larger data problems. We also present an updated visualization pipeline model for generalized multi-model semantic interaction. To demonstrate multi-model semantic interaction, we introduce StarSPIRE, a visual text analytics prototype that transforms user interactions on documents into both small-scale display layout updates as well as large-scale relevancy-based document selection. JF - IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) PB - IEEE CY - Paris, France ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Survey of Software Frameworks for Cluster-Based Large High-Resolution Displays JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2014 A1 - Chung, Haeyong A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - North, Chris PB - Institute of Electrical {&} Electronics Engineers ($łbrace$IEEE$\rbrace$) VL - 20 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Toward Usable Interactive Analytics: Coupling Cognition and Computation T2 - KDD 2014 Workshop on Interactive Data Exploration and Analytics (IDEA) Y1 - 2014 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - North, Chris A1 - Chang, Remco A1 - Zhou, Michelle JF - KDD 2014 Workshop on Interactive Data Exploration and Analytics (IDEA) UR - http://poloclub.gatech.edu/idea2014/papers/p52-endert.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - VisPorter: facilitating information sharing for collaborative sensemaking on multiple displays JF - Personal and Ubiquitous Computing Y1 - 2014 A1 - Chung, Haeyong A1 - North, Chris A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - Chu, Sharon A1 - Francis Quek KW - collaborative sensemaking KW - Display ecology KW - multiple displays KW - text analytics KW - Visual Analytics PB - Springer London VL - 18 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00779-013-0727-2 IS - 5 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Auto-Highlighter: Identifying Salient Sentences in Text T2 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI) Y1 - 2013 A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - Zeitz, Rebecca A1 - North, Chris A1 - Breitler, Alan L. JF - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI) PB - IEEE CY - Seattle, WA, USA SN - 978-1-4673-6214-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beyond Control Panels: Direct Manipulation for Visual Analytics JF - IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications Y1 - 2013 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - North, Chris VL - 33 IS - 4 JO - IEEE Comput. Grap. Appl. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bixplorer: Visual Analytics with Biclusters JF - Computer Y1 - 2013 A1 - Fiaux, Patrick A1 - Sun, Maoyuan A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - North, Chris A1 - Ramakrishnan, Naren A1 - Endert, Alex VL - 46 IS - 8 JO - Computer ER - TY - CONF T1 - A Comparison of Two Display Models for Collaborative Sensemaking T2 - Proceedings of the 2Nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays Y1 - 2013 A1 - Chung, Haeyong A1 - Chu, Sharon Lynn A1 - North, Chris KW - collaborative sensemaking KW - Display ecology KW - multiple displays KW - Visual Analytics JF - Proceedings of the 2Nd ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays T3 - PerDis '13 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-4503-2096-2 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2491568.2491577 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developing Large High-Resolution Display Visualizations of High-Fidelity Terrain Data JF - Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering Y1 - 2013 A1 - Chung, Haeyong A1 - North, Chris A1 - Ferris, John AB - The vehicle terrain measurement system (VTMS) allows highly detailed terrain modeling and vehicle simulations. Visualization of large-scale terrain datasets taken from VTMS provides better insights into the characteristics of the pavement or road surface. However, the resolution of these terrain datasets greatly exceeds the capability of traditional graphics displays and computer systems. Large high-resolution displays (LHRDs) enable visualization of large-scale VTMS datasets with high resolution, large physical size, scalable rendering performance, advanced interaction methods, and collaboration. This paper investigates beneficial factors, implementation issues, and case study applications of LHRDs for visualizing large, high-fidelity, terrain datasets from VTMS. Two prototype visualizations are designed and evaluated with automotive and pavement engineers to demonstrate effectiveness of LHRDs for multiscale tasks that involve understanding pavement surface details within the overall context of the terrain. VL - 13 SN - 1530-9827 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4024656 IS - 3 N1 - 10.1115/1.4024656 JO - Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering ER - TY - CONF T1 - Fisheye Word Cloud for Temporal Sentiment Exploration T2 - CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems Y1 - 2013 A1 - Wang, Ji A1 - Dent, Kyle A1 - North, Chris KW - sentiment analysis KW - temporal twitter data analysis KW - user study KW - word cloud JF - CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems T3 - CHI EA '13 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-4503-1952-2 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2468356.2468673 ER - TY - CONF T1 - How analysts cognitively “connect the dots” T2 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI) Y1 - 2013 A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Hossain, M. Shahriar A1 - North, Chris A1 - Ramakrishnan, Naren JF - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI) PB - IEEE CY - Seattle, WA, USA SN - 978-1-4673-6214-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of Physical Navigation on Spatial Organization for Sensemaking JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2013 A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - North, Chris VL - 19 IS - 12 JO - IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large High Resolution Displays for Co-Located Collaborative Sensemaking: Display Usage and Territoriality JF - International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Y1 - 2013 A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Koch, Kristen A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - North, Chris VL - 71 IS - 11 JO - International Journal of Human-Computer Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semantics of Directly Manipulating Spatializations JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2013 A1 - Hu, Xinran A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - Maiti, Dipayan A1 - House, Leanna A1 - North, Chris A1 - Leman, Scotland VL - 19 IS - 12 JO - IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visual to Parametric Interaction (V2PI) JF - PLoS ONE Y1 - 2013 A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Maiti, Dipayan A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - North, Chris AB - Typical data visualizations result from linear pipelines that start by characterizing data using a model or algorithm to reduce the dimension and summarize structure, and end by displaying the data in a reduced dimensional form. Sensemaking may take place at the end of the pipeline when users have an opportunity to observe, digest, and internalize any information displayed. However, some visualizations mask meaningful data structures when model or algorithm constraints (e.g., parameter specifications) contradict information in the data. Yet, due to the linearity of the pipeline, users do not have a natural means to adjust the displays. In this paper, we present a framework for creating dynamic data displays that rely on both mechanistic data summaries and expert judgement. The key is that we develop both the theory and methods of a new human-data interaction to which we refer as “ Visual to Parametric Interaction” (V2PI). With V2PI, the pipeline becomes bi-directional in that users are embedded in the pipeline; users learn from visualizations and the visualizations adjust to expert judgement. We demonstrate the utility of V2PI and a bi-directional pipeline with two examples. VL - 8 IS - 3 JO - PLoS ONE ER - TY - CONF T1 - Analyst's Workspace: An embodied sensemaking environment for large, high-resolution displays T2 - 2012 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) Y1 - 2012 A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - North, Chris AB - Distributed cognition and embodiment provide compelling models for how humans think and interact with the environment. Our examination of the use of large, high-resolution displays from an embodied perspective has lead directly to the development of a new sensemaking environment called Analyst's Workspace (AW). AW leverages the embodied resources made more accessible through the physical nature of the display to create a spatial workspace. By combining spatial layout of documents and other artifacts with an entity-centric, explorative investigative approach, AW aims to allow the analyst to externalize elements of the sensemaking process as a part of the investigation, integrated into the visual representations of the data itself. In this paper, we describe the various capabilities of AW and discuss the key principles and concepts underlying its design, emphasizing unique design principles for designing visual analytic tools for large, high-resolution displays. JF - 2012 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) PB - IEEE CY - Seattle, WA, USA SN - 978-1-4673-4752-5 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Designing large high-resolution display workspaces T2 - Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces Y1 - 2012 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - Zeitz, Jessica A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - North, Chris KW - large high-resolution displays AB - Large, high-resolution displays have enormous potential to aid in scenarios beyond their current usage. Their current usages are primarily limited to presentations, visualization demonstrations, or conducting experiments. In this paper, we present a new usage for such systems: an everyday workspace. We discuss how seemingly small large-display design decisions can have significant impacts on users' perceptions of these workspaces, and thus the usage of the space. We describe the effects that various physical configurations have on the overall usability and perception of the display. We present conclusions on how to broaden the usage scenarios of large, high-resolution displays to enable frequent and effective usage as everyday workspaces while still allowing transformation to collaborative or presentation spaces. JF - Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces T3 - AVI '12 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-4503-1287-5 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2254556.2254570 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Dynamic Analysis of Large Datasets with Animated and Correlated Views T2 - IEEE VAST 2012 (Extended Abstract) (Honorable Mention for Good Use of Coordinated Displays) Y1 - 2012 A1 - Yong Cao A1 - Reese Moore A1 - Peng Mi A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - North, Chris A1 - Randy Marchany AB - In this paper, we introduce a GPU-accelerated visual analytics tool, AVIST. By adopting the in-situ visualization architecture on the GPUs, AVIST supports real-time data analysis and visualization of massive scale datasets, such as VAST 2012 Challenge dataset. The design objective of the tool is to identify temporal patterns from large and complex data. To achieve this goal, we introduce three unique features: automatic animation, disjunctive data filters, and time-synced visualization of multiple datasets. JF - IEEE VAST 2012 (Extended Abstract) (Honorable Mention for Good Use of Coordinated Displays) ER - TY - UNPB T1 - {GreenVis : Energy-Saving Color Schemes for Sequential Data Visualization on OLED Displays} Y1 - 2012 A1 - Wang, Ji A1 - Lin, Xiao A1 - North, Chris KW - color scheme KW - energy saving KW - oled display KW - optimization PB - Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech CY - Blacskburg, VA UR - http://eprints.cs.vt.edu/archive/00001192/ ER - TY - CONF T1 - Pixel-oriented Treemap for multiple displays T2 - VAST Challenge 2012 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) Y1 - 2012 A1 - Chung, Haeyong A1 - Cho, Yong Ju A1 - Self, Jessica Zeitz A1 - North, Chris KW - large display KW - multiple displays KW - physical navigation KW - pixel-oriented visualization KW - treemap AB - We have developed a Pixel-oriented Treemap visualization intended for use on multiple displays with collaborating users. It visualizes the health and status of about a million devices with a Treemap layout. In this paper we describe how we found useful pieces of the VAST 2012 Challenge MC1dataset and discuss how users interacted with this visualization during the analysis. JF - VAST Challenge 2012 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) PB - IEEE CY - Seattle, WA, USA SN - 978-1-4673-4752-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semantic Interaction for Sensemaking: Inferring Analytical Reasoning for Model Steering JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2012 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Fiaux, Patrick A1 - North, Chris AB - Visual analytic tools aim to support the cognitively demanding task of sensemaking. Their success often depends on the ability to leverage capabilities of mathematical models, visualization, and human intuition through flexible, usable, and expressive interactions. Spatially clustering data is one effective metaphor for users to explore similarity and relationships between information, adjusting the weighting of dimensions or characteristics of the dataset to observe the change in the spatial layout. Semantic interaction is an approach to user interaction in such spatializations that couples these parametric modifications of the clustering model with users' analytic operations on the data (e.g., direct document movement in the spatialization, highlighting text, search, etc.). In this paper, we present results of a user study exploring the ability of semantic interaction in a visual analytic prototype, ForceSPIRE, to support sensemaking. We found that semantic interaction captures the analytical reasoning of the user through keyword weighting, and aids the user in co-creating a spatialization based on the user's reasoning and intuition. VL - 18 IS - 12 JO - IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics ER - TY - CONF T1 - Semantic interaction for visual text analytics T2 - Proceedings of the 2012 ACM annual conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Y1 - 2012 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Fiaux, Patrick A1 - North, Chris KW - interaction KW - Visual Analytics KW - visualization AB - Visual analytics emphasizes sensemaking of large, complex datasets through interactively exploring visualizations generated by statistical models. For example, dimensionality reduction methods use various similarity metrics to visualize textual document collections in a spatial metaphor, where similarities between documents are approximately represented through their relative spatial distances to each other in a 2D layout. This metaphor is designed to mimic analysts' mental models of the document collection and support their analytic processes, such as clustering similar documents together. However, in current methods, users must interact with such visualizations using controls external to the visual metaphor, such as sliders, menus, or text fields, to directly control underlying model parameters that they do not understand and that do not relate to their analytic process occurring within the visual metaphor. In this paper, we present the opportunity for a new design space for visual analytic interaction, called semantic interaction, which seeks to enable analysts to spatially interact with such models directly within the visual metaphor using interactions that derive from their analytic process, such as searching, highlighting, annotating, and repositioning documents. Further, we demonstrate how semantic interactions can be implemented using machine learning techniques in a visual analytic tool, called ForceSPIRE, for interactive analysis of textual data within a spatial visualization. Analysts can express their expert domain knowledge about the documents by simply moving them, which guides the underlying model to improve the overall layout, taking the user's feedback into account. JF - Proceedings of the 2012 ACM annual conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems T3 - CHI '12 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-4503-1015-4 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2207676.2207741 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The semantics of clustering: analysis of user-generated spatializations of text documents T2 - Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces Y1 - 2012 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Fox, Seth A1 - Maiti, Dipayan A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - North, Chris KW - clustering KW - text analytics KW - Visual Analytics KW - visualization AB - Analyzing complex textual datasets consists of identifying connections and relationships within the data based on users' intuition and domain expertise. In a spatial workspace, users can do so implicitly by spatially arranging documents into clusters to convey similarity or relationships. Algorithms exist that spatialize and cluster such information mathematically based on similarity metrics. However, analysts often find inconsistencies in these generated clusters based on their expertise. Therefore, to support sensemaking, layouts must be co-created by the user and the model. In this paper, we present the results of a study observing individual users performing a sensemaking task in a spatial workspace. We examine the users' interactions during their analytic process, and also the clusters the users manually created. We found that specific interactions can act as valuable indicators of important structure within a dataset. Further, we analyze and characterize the structure of the user-generated clusters to identify useful metrics to guide future algorithms. Through a deeper understanding of how users spatially cluster information, we can inform the design of interactive algorithms to generate more meaningful spatializations for text analysis tasks, to better respond to user interactions during the analytics process, and ultimately to allow analysts to more rapidly gain insight. JF - Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces T3 - AVI '12 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-4503-1287-5 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2254556.2254660 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Analytic provenance: process+interaction+insight T2 - Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 2011 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Chang, Remco A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Dou, Wenwen A1 - May, Richard A1 - Pike, Bill A1 - Fink, G. KW - analytic provenance KW - user interaction KW - Visual Analytics KW - visualization JF - Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems T3 - CHI EA '11 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-4503-0268-5 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1979742.1979570 ER - TY - CONF T1 - ChairMouse: leveraging natural chair rotation for cursor navigation on large, high-resolution displays T2 - Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 2011 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Fiaux, Patrick A1 - Chung, Haeyong A1 - Stewart, Michael A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - North, Chris KW - Embodied Interaction KW - interaction design KW - large display AB - Large, high-resolution displays lead to more spatially based approaches. In such environments, the cursor (and hence the physical mouse) is the primary means of interaction. However, usability issues occur when standard mouse interaction is applied to workstations with large size and high pixel density. Previous studies show users navigate physically when interacting with information on large displays by rotating their chair. ChairMouse captures this natural chair movement and translates it into large-scale cursor movement while still maintaining standard mouse usage for local cursor movement. ChairMouse supports both active and passive use, reducing tedious mouse interactions by leveraging physical chair action. JF - Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems T3 - CHI EA '11 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-4503-0268-5 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1979742.1979628 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Co-located Collaborative Sensemaking on a Large High-Resolution Display with Multiple Input Devices T2 - INTERACT 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Katherine Vogt A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - North, Chris A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Duke Hutchings KW - co-located KW - CSCW KW - Large High Resolution Display KW - large high-resolution display KW - sensemaking KW - Visual Analytics JF - INTERACT 2011 CY - Lisbon, Portugal VL - 6947 SN - 978-3-642-23771-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of benchmark task and insight evaluation methods for information visualization JF - Information Visualization Y1 - 2011 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Saraiya, Purvi A1 - Duca, Karen VL - 10 IS - 3 JO - Information Visualization ER - TY - CONF T1 - Helping Intelligence Analysts Make Connections T2 - AAAI'11, Workshop on Scalable Integration of Analytics and Visualization (WS-11-17) Y1 - 2011 A1 - Hossain, M. Shahriar A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - Ramakrishnan, Naren A1 - North, Chris JF - AAAI'11, Workshop on Scalable Integration of Analytics and Visualization (WS-11-17) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Information visualization on large, high-resolution displays: Issues, challenges, and opportunities JF - Information Visualization Y1 - 2011 A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Yost, Beth A1 - North, Chris AB - Larger, higher-resolution displays are becoming accessible to a greater number of users as display technologies decrease in cost and software for the displays improves. The additional pixels are especially useful for information visualization where scalability has typically been limited by the number of pixels available on a display. But how will visualizations for larger displays need to fundamentally differ from visualizations on desktop displays? Are the basic visualization design principles different? With this potentially new design paradigm comes questions such as whether the relative effectiveness of various graphical encodings are different on large displays, which visualizations and datasets benefit the most, and how interaction with visualizations on large, high-resolution displays will need to change. As we explore these possibilities, we shift away from the technical limitations of scalability imposed by traditional displays (e.g. number of pixels) to studying the human abilities that emerge when these limitations are removed. There is much potential for information visualizations to benefit from large, high-resolution displays, but this potential will only be realized through understanding the interaction between visualization design, perception, interaction techniques, and the display technology. In this paper we present critical design issues and outline some of the challenges and future opportunities for designing visualizations for large, high-resolution displays. We hope that these issues, challenges, and opportunities will provide guidance for future research in this area. VL - 10 UR - http://ivi.sagepub.com/content/10/4/341.abstract ER - TY - CONF T1 - Observation-level interaction with statistical models for visual analytics T2 - Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST), 2011 IEEE Conference on Y1 - 2011 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Chao Han A1 - Maiti, Dipayan A1 - House, Leanna A1 - Leman, Scotland A1 - North, Chris KW - data analysis KW - data interactive visual exploration KW - data visualisation KW - exploratory interaction KW - expressive interaction KW - generative topographic mapping KW - multidimensional scaling KW - observation-level interaction KW - parameter adjustments KW - principal component analysis KW - probabilistic principal component analysis KW - probability KW - sensemaking process KW - statistical models KW - Visual Analytics AB - In visual analytics, sensemaking is facilitated through interactive visual exploration of data. Throughout this dynamic process, users combine their domain knowledge with the dataset to create insight. Therefore, visual analytic tools exist that aid sensemaking by providing various interaction techniques that focus on allowing users to change the visual representation through adjusting parameters of the underlying statistical model. However, we postulate that the process of sensemaking is not focused on a series of parameter adjustments, but instead, a series of perceived connections and patterns within the data. Thus, how can models for visual analytic tools be designed, so that users can express their reasoning on observations (the data), instead of directly on the model or tunable parameters? Observation level (and thus #x201C;observation #x201D;) in this paper refers to the data points within a visualization. In this paper, we explore two possible observation-level interactions, namely exploratory and expressive, within the context of three statistical methods, Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (PPCA), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), and Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM). We discuss the importance of these two types of observation level interactions, in terms of how they occur within the sensemaking process. Further, we present use cases for GTM, MDS, and PPCA, illustrating how observation level interaction can be incorporated into visual analytic tools. JF - Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST), 2011 IEEE Conference on ER - TY - UNPB T1 - Space for Two to Think: Large, High-Resolution Displays for Co-located Collaborative Sensemaking Y1 - 2011 A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Katherine Vogt A1 - Duke Hutchings A1 - North, Chris KW - collaborative sensemaking KW - high-resolution displays KW - large KW - Large High Resolution Display KW - single display groupware KW - Visual Analytics JF - Technical Report TR-11-11 PB - Computer Science, Virginia Tech ER - TY - CONF T1 - Supporting the cyber analytic process using visual history on large displays T2 - Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Visualization for Cyber Security Y1 - 2011 A1 - Singh, Ankit A1 - Lauren Bradel A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Kincaid, Robert A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - North, Chris KW - interaction styles KW - large high-resolution displays KW - prototyping KW - screen design KW - user-centered design JF - Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Visualization for Cyber Security T3 - VizSec '11 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-4503-0679-9 UR - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2016904.2016907 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Unifying the Sensemaking Loop with Semantic Interaction T2 - IEEE Workshop on Interactive Visual Text Analytics for Decision Making at VisWeek 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Fiaux, Patrick A1 - North, Chris KW - Visual Analytics JF - IEEE Workshop on Interactive Visual Text Analytics for Decision Making at VisWeek 2011 CY - Providence, RI ER - TY - CONF T1 - Visual encodings that support physical navigation on large displays T2 - Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2011 Y1 - 2011 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - Lee, Yueh Hua A1 - North, Chris KW - aggregation KW - high-resolution display KW - information visualization KW - large KW - perceptual scalability JF - Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2011 T3 - GI '11 PB - Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society CY - School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada SN - 978-1-4503-0693-5 UR - http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1992917.1992935 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Effect of Presenting Long Documents with Large High-Resolution Displays on Comprehension of Content and User Experience T2 - the 13th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD' 10) Y1 - 2010 A1 - Yang, S. A1 - Chung, Haeyong A1 - North, Chris A1 - Fox, Edward A. KW - Large High Resolution Display JF - the 13th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD' 10) CY - Austin, TX ER - TY - CONF T1 - Space to think: large high-resolution displays for sensemaking T2 - CHI '10: Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 2010 A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - North, Chris KW - LHRD JF - CHI '10: Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-60558-929-9 ER - TY - CONF T1 - VizCept: Supporting Synchronous Collaboration for Constructing Visualizations in Intelligence Analysis T2 - IEEE VAST Conference Y1 - 2010 A1 - Chung, Haeyong A1 - Yang, S. A1 - Massjouni, N. A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - Kanna, R. A1 - North, Chris KW - Visual Analytics JF - IEEE VAST Conference CY - Salt Lake City, Utah ER - TY - CONF T1 - Co-located Many-Player Gaming on Large High-Resolution Displays T2 - Computational Science and Engineering, 2009. CSE '09. International Conference on Y1 - 2009 A1 - Machaj, D. A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - North, Chris KW - colocated many-player gaming KW - computer games KW - human computer interaction KW - interactive devices KW - large high-resolution displays KW - multiplayer gaming JF - Computational Science and Engineering, 2009. CSE '09. International Conference on VL - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Comparison of User-Generated and Automatic Graph Layouts JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2009 A1 - Dwyer, Tim A1 - Lee, Bongshin A1 - Fisher, Danyel A1 - Quinn, Kori Inkpen A1 - Isenberg, Petra A1 - Robertson, George A1 - North, Chris PB - IEEE Educational Activities Department CY - Piscataway, NJ, USA VL - 15 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A multiscale interaction technique for large, high-resolution displays T2 - 3DUI '09: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces Y1 - 2009 A1 - Peck, Sarah M. A1 - North, Chris A1 - Bowman, Doug A. JF - 3DUI '09: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Washington, DC, USA SN - 978-1-4244-3965-2 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Professional Analysts using a Large, High-Resolution Display T2 - IEEE VAST 2009 (Extended Abstract) (Awarded Special Contributions to the VAST Challenge Contest) Y1 - 2009 A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - North, Chris KW - Large High Resolution Display KW - Visual Analytics JF - IEEE VAST 2009 (Extended Abstract) (Awarded Special Contributions to the VAST Challenge Contest) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shaping the Display of the Future: The Effects of Display Size and Curvature on User Performance and Insights JF - Human–Computer Interaction Y1 - 2009 A1 - Shupp, Lauren A1 - Andrews, Christopher A1 - Dickey-Kurdziolek, Margaret A1 - Yost, Beth A1 - North, Chris KW - Large High Resolution Display VL - 24 IS - 1 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Understanding Multi-touch Manipulation for Surface Computing T2 - INTERACT '09: Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction Y1 - 2009 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Dwyer, Tim A1 - Lee, Bongshin A1 - Fisher, Danyel A1 - Isenberg, Petra A1 - Robertson, George A1 - Inkpen, Kori JF - INTERACT '09: Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction PB - Springer-Verlag CY - Berlin, Heidelberg SN - 978-3-642-03657-6 ER - TY - CONF T1 - VAST contest dataset use in education T2 - Visual Analytics Science and Technology, 2009. IEEE VAST 2009. Y1 - 2009 A1 - Whiting, M.A. A1 - North, Chris A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Scholtz, J. A1 - Haack, J. A1 - Varley, C. A1 - Thomas, J. KW - data visualisation KW - education KW - educational technology KW - evaluation metrics KW - IEEE visual analytics science and technology KW - information analysis KW - information analysts KW - VAST KW - Visual Analytics JF - Visual Analytics Science and Technology, 2009. IEEE VAST 2009. ER - TY - CONF T1 - Visualizing cyber security: Usable workspaces T2 - Visualization for Cyber Security, 2009. VizSec 2009. 6th International Workshop on Y1 - 2009 A1 - Fink, G. A1 - North, Chris A1 - Endert, Alex A1 - Rose, S. KW - cyber analytics work environment KW - cyber security visualization KW - data visualisation KW - digital infrastructures KW - information foraging KW - Large High Resolution Display KW - security of data KW - usability evaluation KW - usable workspaces KW - Visual Analytics JF - Visualization for Cyber Security, 2009. VizSec 2009. 6th International Workshop on ER - TY - CONF T1 - The effects of peripheral vision and physical navigation on large scale visualization T2 - GI '08: Proceedings of graphics interface 2008 Y1 - 2008 A1 - Ball, Robert A1 - North, Chris KW - geospatial KW - LHRD KW - multidimensional KW - physical navigation JF - GI '08: Proceedings of graphics interface 2008 PB - Canadian Information Processing Society CY - Toronto, Ont., Canada, Canada SN - 978-1-56881-423-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unification of problem solving environment implementation layers with XML-based specifications JF - Adv. Eng. Softw. Y1 - 2008 A1 - Shu, Jiang A1 - Watson, Layne T. A1 - Ramakrishnan, Naren A1 - Kamke, Frederick A. A1 - North, Chris KW - databases KW - problem solving KW - XML PB - Elsevier Science Ltd. CY - Oxford, UK, UK VL - 39 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Value of Information Visualization Y1 - 2008 A1 - Fekete, Jean-Daniel A1 - Wijk, Jarke J. A1 - Stasko, John T. A1 - North, Chris KW - information visualization PB - Springer-Verlag CY - Berlin, Heidelberg SN - 978-3-540-70955-8 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Beyond visual acuity: the perceptual scalability of information visualizations for large displays T2 - CHI '07: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 2007 A1 - Yost, Beth A1 - Haciahmetoglu, Yonca A1 - North, Chris KW - information visualization KW - LHRD KW - Visual Acuity JF - CHI '07: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-59593-593-9 ER - TY - CONF T1 - High-resolution displays enhancing geo-temporal data visualizations T2 - ACM-SE 45: Proceedings of the 45th annual southeast regional conference Y1 - 2007 A1 - Booker, John A1 - Buennemeyer, Timothy A1 - Sabri, Andrew A1 - North, Chris KW - geospatial KW - information visualization KW - Intelligence Analysis KW - LHRD JF - ACM-SE 45: Proceedings of the 45th annual southeast regional conference PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-59593-629-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-resolution gaming: Interfaces, notifications, and the user experience JF - Interact. Comput. Y1 - 2007 A1 - Sabri, Andrew A1 - Ball, Robert A1 - Fabian, Alain A1 - Bhatia, Saurabh A1 - North, Chris KW - Games KW - LHRD KW - Notifications KW - User Interfaces PB - Elsevier Science Inc. CY - New York, NY, USA VL - 19 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Move to improve: promoting physical navigation to increase user performance with large displays T2 - CHI '07: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 2007 A1 - Ball, Robert A1 - North, Chris A1 - Bowman, Doug A. KW - Embodied Interaction KW - LHRD KW - physical navigation KW - Virtual Navigation JF - CHI '07: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 978-1-59593-593-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Realizing embodied interaction for visual analytics through large displays JF - Computers & Graphics Y1 - 2007 A1 - Ball, Robert A1 - North, Chris KW - Embodied Interaction KW - LHRD KW - Space Scale KW - Visual Analytics PB - Pergamon Press, Inc. CY - Elmsford, NY, USA VL - 31 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reflections on Human-Computer Interaction: A special Issue in Honor of Ben Shneiderman's 60th Birthday JF - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction Y1 - 2007 A1 - Plaisant, Catherine A1 - North, Chris KW - human computer interaction VL - 23 UR - http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/ben60/ IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workshop report: information visualization-human-centered issues in visual representation, interaction, and evalution JF - Information Visualization Y1 - 2007 A1 - Kerren, Andreas A1 - Stasko, John T. A1 - Fekete, Jean-Daniel A1 - North, Chris KW - Evaluation KW - Human-Centered KW - information visualization KW - Visual Analytics PB - Palgrave Macmillan VL - 6 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Applying Embodied Interaction and Usability Engineering to Visualization on Large Displays T2 - ACM British HCI - Workshop on Visualization & Interaction Y1 - 2006 A1 - Ball, Robert A1 - Michael DellaNoce A1 - Ni, Tao A1 - Francis Quek A1 - North, Chris KW - Embodied Interaction KW - information visualization KW - LHRD JF - ACM British HCI - Workshop on Visualization & Interaction ER - TY - CONF T1 - Bridging the host-network divide: survey, taxonomy, and solution T2 - LISA '06: Proceedings of the 20th conference on Large Installation System Administration Y1 - 2006 A1 - Fink, G. A1 - Duggirala, Vyas A1 - Correa, Ricardo A1 - North, Chris KW - information visualization KW - network security JF - LISA '06: Proceedings of the 20th conference on Large Installation System Administration PB - USENIX Association CY - Berkeley, CA, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluation of viewport size and curvature of large, high-resolution displays T2 - GI '06: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006 Y1 - 2006 A1 - Shupp, Lauren A1 - Ball, Robert A1 - Yost, Beth A1 - Booker, John A1 - North, Chris KW - Evaluation KW - LHRD JF - GI '06: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006 PB - Canadian Information Processing Society CY - Toronto, Ont., Canada, Canada SN - 1-56881-308-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Insight-Based Longitudinal Study of Visual Analytics JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2006 A1 - Saraiya, Purvi A1 - North, Chris A1 - Lam, Vy A1 - Duca, Karen KW - Evaluation KW - GUI KW - information visualization PB - IEEE Educational Activities Department CY - Piscataway, NJ, USA VL - 12 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Making a Case for HCI: Exploring Benefits of Visualization for Case Studies T2 - World Conference on Educational Multimedia/Hypermedia and Educational Telecommunications (ED-MEDIA '06) Y1 - 2006 A1 - Brandon Berry A1 - Laurian Hobby A1 - McCrickard, D. Scott A1 - North, Chris A1 - Manuel A. Pérez-Quiñones KW - information visualization JF - World Conference on Educational Multimedia/Hypermedia and Educational Telecommunications (ED-MEDIA '06) CY - Orlando FL UR - http://www.cs.vt.edu/node/1328 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Perceptual Scalability of Visualization JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2006 A1 - Yost, Beth A1 - North, Chris KW - Evaluation KW - information visualization KW - LHRD PB - IEEE Educational Activities Department CY - Piscataway, NJ, USA VL - 12 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Is There Science in Visualization? T2 - IEEE Visualization 2006 Y1 - 2006 A1 - T. J. Jankun-Kelly A1 - Robert Kosara A1 - Gordon Kindlmann A1 - North, Chris A1 - Colin Ware A1 - E. Wes Bethel KW - Evaluation KW - information visualization JF - IEEE Visualization 2006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward Measuring Visualization Insight JF - IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. Y1 - 2006 A1 - North, Chris KW - Evaluation KW - information visualization PB - IEEE Computer Society Press CY - Los Alamitos, CA, USA VL - 26 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Vizability: a tool for usability engineering process improvement through the visualization of usability problem data T2 - ACM-SE 44: Proceedings of the 44th annual Southeast regional conference Y1 - 2006 A1 - Pyla, Pardha S. A1 - Howarth, Jonathan R. A1 - Catanzaro, Chris A1 - North, Chris KW - Evaluation KW - Usability JF - ACM-SE 44: Proceedings of the 44th annual Southeast regional conference PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-59593-315-8 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Analysis of User Behavior on High-Resolution Tiled Displays T2 - The Tenth IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT 2005) Y1 - 2005 A1 - Ball, Robert A1 - North, Chris KW - Large High Resolution Display KW - User Behavior AB -

The use of multiple monitors for personal desktop computing is becoming more prevalent as the price of display technology decreases. The use of two monitors for a single desktop has been shown to have performance improvement in several studies. However, few studies have been performed with more than three monitors. As a result, we report an observational analysis of the use of a large tiled display containing nine monitors (in a 3x3 matrix). The total resolution of the large display is 3840x3072, for a total of 11,796,480 pixels. Over the course of six months we observed the behavior and actions of five users who used the display extensively as a desktop. We relate our observations, provide feedback concerning common usage of how people do and do not use the display, provide common scenarios and results of interviews, and give a series of design recommendations and guidelines for future designers of applications for high-resolution, tiled displays.

JF - The Tenth IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (INTERACT 2005) PB - Springer Berlin / Heidelberg UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11555261_30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioinformatics visualization: introduction to the special issue JF - Information Visualization Y1 - 2005 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Rhyne, Theresa Marie A1 - Duca, Karen PB - Palgrave Macmillan VL - 4 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effects of tiled high-resolution display on basic visualization and navigation tasks T2 - CHI '05: CHI '05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 2005 A1 - Ball, Robert A1 - North, Chris JF - CHI '05: CHI '05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-59593-002-7 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluating the Benefits of Tiled Displays for Navigating Maps T2 - IASTED International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction Y1 - 2005 A1 - Ball, Robert A1 - Michael Varghese A1 - Bill Carstensen A1 - E. Dana Cox A1 - Chris Fierer A1 - Matthew Peterson A1 - North, Chris KW - high resolution KW - Large High Resolution Display KW - maps KW - navigation KW - Usability JF - IASTED International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Information Visualization T2 - Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Y1 - 2005 A1 - North, Chris KW - information visualization JF - Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics PB - John Wiley & Sons CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Insight-Based Methodology for Evaluating Bioinformatics Visualizations JF - IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics Y1 - 2005 A1 - Saraiya, Purvi A1 - North, Chris A1 - Duca, Karen PB - IEEE Educational Activities Department CY - Piscataway, NJ, USA VL - 11 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Learnability of Interactive Coordinated-View Visualizations T2 - IV '05: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation Y1 - 2005 A1 - Krishnamoorthy, Sujatha A1 - North, Chris JF - IV '05: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Washington, DC, USA SN - 0-7695-2397-8 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Root Polar Layout of Internet Address Data for Security Administration T2 - VIZSEC '05: Proceedings of the IEEE Workshops on Visualization for Computer Security Y1 - 2005 A1 - Fink, G. A1 - North, Chris JF - VIZSEC '05: Proceedings of the IEEE Workshops on Visualization for Computer Security PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Washington, DC, USA SN - 0-7803-9477-1 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Single complex glyphs versus multiple simple glyphs T2 - CHI '05: CHI '05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 2005 A1 - Yost, Beth A1 - North, Chris JF - CHI '05: CHI '05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-59593-002-7 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Tracking User Navigation and Performance on High-Resolution Displays using a Dynamic Real-Time Strategy Game T2 - Compendium of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis 2005) Y1 - 2005 A1 - Ball, Robert A1 - Sabri, Andrew A1 - Michael Varghese A1 - North, Chris KW - game KW - Large High Resolution Display KW - navigation KW - performance JF - Compendium of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis 2005) ER - TY - CONF T1 - Visual Correlation of Host Processes and Network Traffic T2 - VIZSEC '05: Proceedings of the IEEE Workshops on Visualization for Computer Security Y1 - 2005 A1 - Fink, G. A1 - Muessig, Paul A1 - North, Chris JF - VIZSEC '05: Proceedings of the IEEE Workshops on Visualization for Computer Security PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Washington, DC, USA SN - 0-7803-9477-1 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Visualization of Graphs with Associated Timeseries Data T2 - INFOVIS '05: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization Y1 - 2005 A1 - Saraiya, Purvi A1 - Lee, Peter A1 - North, Chris JF - INFOVIS '05: Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Washington, DC, USA SN - 0-7803-9464-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visualizing biological pathways: requirements analysis, systems evaluation and research agenda JF - Information Visualization Y1 - 2005 A1 - Saraiya, Purvi A1 - North, Chris A1 - Duca, Karen PB - Palgrave Macmillan VL - 4 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effective features of algorithm visualizations T2 - SIGCSE '04: Proceedings of the 35th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education Y1 - 2004 A1 - Saraiya, Purvi A1 - Shaffer, Clifford A. A1 - McCrickard, D. Scott A1 - North, Chris JF - SIGCSE '04: Proceedings of the 35th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-798-2 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An Evaluation of Microarray Visualization Tools for Biological Insight T2 - INFOVIS '04: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization Y1 - 2004 A1 - Saraiya, Purvi A1 - North, Chris A1 - Duca, Karen JF - INFOVIS '04: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Washington, DC, USA SN - 0-7803-8779-3 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Home-centric visualization of network traffic for security administration T2 - VizSEC/DMSEC '04: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM workshop on Visualization and data mining for computer security Y1 - 2004 A1 - Ball, Robert A1 - Fink, G. A1 - North, Chris JF - VizSEC/DMSEC '04: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM workshop on Visualization and data mining for computer security PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-974-8 ER - TY - CONF T1 - PathSim visualizer: an Information-Rich Virtual Environment framework for systems biology T2 - Web3D '04: Proceedings of the ninth international conference on 3D Web technology Y1 - 2004 A1 - Polys, Nicholas F. A1 - Bowman, Doug A. A1 - North, Chris A1 - Laubenbacher, Reinhard A1 - Duca, Karen JF - Web3D '04: Proceedings of the ninth international conference on 3D Web technology PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-845-8 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Dynamic query sliders vs. brushing histograms T2 - CHI '03: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 2003 A1 - Li, Qing A1 - Bao, Xiaofeng A1 - Song, Chen A1 - Zhang, Jinfei A1 - North, Chris JF - CHI '03: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-637-4 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Exploring Context Switching and Cognition in Dual-View Coordinated Visualizations T2 - CMV '03: Proceedings of the conference on Coordinated and Multiple Views In Exploratory Visualization Y1 - 2003 A1 - Convertino, Gregorio A1 - Chen, Jian A1 - Yost, Beth A1 - Ryu, Young-Sam A1 - North, Chris JF - CMV '03: Proceedings of the conference on Coordinated and Multiple Views In Exploratory Visualization PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Washington, DC, USA SN - 0-7695-2001-4 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Fusion: interactive coordination of diverse data, visualizations, and mining algorithms T2 - CHI '03: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 2003 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Conklin, Nathan A1 - Indukuri, Kiran A1 - Saini, Varun A1 - Yu, Qiang JF - CHI '03: CHI '03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-637-4 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Information-rich virtual environments: theory, tools, and research agenda T2 - VRST '03: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology Y1 - 2003 A1 - Bowman, Doug A. A1 - North, Chris A1 - Chen, Jian A1 - Polys, Nicholas F. A1 - Pyla, Pardha S. A1 - Yilmaz, Umur JF - VRST '03: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-569-6 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Breakdown visualization: multiple foci polyarchies of values and attributes T2 - CHI '02: CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 2002 A1 - Prabhakar, Sandeep A1 - Conklin, Nathan A1 - North, Chris A1 - Thirunavukkarasu, Muthukumar A1 - Dandapani, Anusha A1 - Panchanathan, Ganesh JF - CHI '02: CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-454-1 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Enhancing the ENVISION interface for digital libraries T2 - JCDL '02: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries Y1 - 2002 A1 - Wang, Jun A1 - Agrawal, Abhishek A1 - Bazaza, Anil A1 - Angle, Supriya A1 - Fox, Edward A. A1 - North, Chris JF - JCDL '02: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-513-0 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An evaluation of information visualization in attention-limited environments T2 - VISSYM '02: Proceedings of the symposium on Data Visualisation 2002 Y1 - 2002 A1 - Somervell, Jacob A1 - McCrickard, D. Scott A1 - North, Chris A1 - Shukla, Maulik JF - VISSYM '02: Proceedings of the symposium on Data Visualisation 2002 PB - Eurographics Association CY - Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland SN - 1-58113-536-X ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evolving visual metaphors and dynamic tools for bioinformatics visualization T2 - VIS '02: Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02 Y1 - 2002 A1 - Rhyne, Theresa Marie A1 - Dunning,Jr., Thomas H. A1 - Calapristi, Gus A1 - North, Chris A1 - Gresh, Donna JF - VIS '02: Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02 PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Washington, DC, USA SN - 0-7803-7498-3 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Multiple Foci Drill-Down through Tuple and Attribute Aggregation Polyarchies in Tabular Data T2 - INFOVIS '02: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis'02) Y1 - 2002 A1 - Conklin, Nathan A1 - Prabhakar, Sandeep A1 - North, Chris JF - INFOVIS '02: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis'02) PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Washington, DC, USA SN - 0-7695-1751-X ER - TY - CONF T1 - An ordering of secondary task display attributes T2 - CHI '02: CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 2002 A1 - Tessendorf, David A1 - Chewar, C. M. A1 - Ndiwalana, Ali A1 - Pryor, Jon A1 - McCrickard, D. Scott A1 - North, Chris JF - CHI '02: CHI '02 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-454-1 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A radial focus+context visualization for multi-dimensional functions T2 - VIS '02: Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02 Y1 - 2002 A1 - Jayaraman, Sanjini A1 - North, Chris JF - VIS '02: Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02 PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Washington, DC, USA SN - 0-7803-7498-3 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Secondary task display attributes: optimizing visualizations for cognitive task suitability and interference avoidance T2 - VISSYM '02: Proceedings of the symposium on Data Visualisation 2002 Y1 - 2002 A1 - Chewar, C. M. A1 - McCrickard, D. Scott A1 - Ndiwalana, Ali A1 - North, Chris A1 - Pryor, Jon A1 - Tessendorf, David JF - VISSYM '02: Proceedings of the symposium on Data Visualisation 2002 PB - Eurographics Association CY - Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland SN - 1-58113-536-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visualization schemas and a web-based architecture for custom multiple-view visualization of multiple-table databases JF - Information Visualization Y1 - 2002 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Conklin, Nathan A1 - Indukuri, Kiran A1 - Saini, Varun PB - Palgrave Macmillan VL - 1 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Visualization Schemas for Flexible Information Visualization T2 - INFOVIS '02: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis'02) Y1 - 2002 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Conklin, Nathan A1 - Saini, Varun JF - INFOVIS '02: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis'02) PB - IEEE Computer Society CY - Washington, DC, USA SN - 0-7695-1751-X ER - TY - CONF T1 - Component-based, user-constructed, multiple-view visualization T2 - CHI '01: CHI '01 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 2001 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Shneiderman, Ben JF - CHI '01: CHI '01 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-340-5 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Snap-together visualization: a user interface for coordinating visualizations via relational schemata T2 - AVI '00: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces Y1 - 2000 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Shneiderman, Ben JF - AVI '00: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-252-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Snap-together visualization: can users construct and operate coordinated visualizations? JF - Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. Y1 - 2000 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Shneiderman, Ben PB - Academic Press, Inc. CY - Duluth, MN, USA VL - 53 ER - TY - THES T1 - A user interface for coordinating visualizations based on relational schemata: snap-together visualization Y1 - 2000 A1 - North, Chris PB - University of Maryland at College Park CY - College Park, MD, USA SN - 0-599-72609-1 N1 - Chair-Shneiderman, Ben ER - TY - CONF T1 - Temporal, geographical and categorical aggregations viewed through coordinated displays: a case study with highway incident data T2 - NPIVM '99: Proceedings of the 1999 workshop on new paradigms in information visualization and manipulation in conjunction with the eighth ACM internation conference on Information and knowledge management Y1 - 1999 A1 - Fredrikson, Anna A1 - North, Chris A1 - Plaisant, Catherine A1 - Shneiderman, Ben JF - NPIVM '99: Proceedings of the 1999 workshop on new paradigms in information visualization and manipulation in conjunction with the eighth ACM internation conference on Information and knowledge management PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-254-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - User controlled overviews of an image library: a case study of the visible human Y1 - 1999 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Shneiderman, Ben A1 - Plaisant, Catherine PB - Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. CY - San Francisco, CA, USA SN - 1-55860-533-9 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Robust, end-user programmable, multiple-window coordination T2 - CHI '98: CHI 98 conference summary on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 1998 A1 - North, Chris JF - CHI '98: CHI 98 conference summary on Human factors in computing systems PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 1-58113-028-7 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Browsing anatomical image databases: a case study of the visible human T2 - CHI '96: Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems Y1 - 1996 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Korn, Flip JF - CHI '96: Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 0-89791-832-0 ER - TY - CONF T1 - User controlled overviews of an image library: a case study of the visible human T2 - DL '96: Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Digital libraries Y1 - 1996 A1 - North, Chris A1 - Shneiderman, Ben A1 - Plaisant, Catherine JF - DL '96: Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Digital libraries PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA SN - 0-89791-830-4 ER -