TY - JOUR T1 - A Five-Level Design Framework for Bicluster Visualizations JF - Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on Y1 - 2014 A1 - Sun, Maoyuan A1 - North, C. A1 - Ramakrishnan, N. KW - bicluster visualizations KW - Biclusters KW - Bioinformatics KW - Cluster approximation KW - coordinated relationships KW - data analysis KW - Data mining KW - data visualisation KW - design framework KW - five-level design framework KW - interactive visual analytics KW - navigation KW - pattern clustering KW - Visual Analytics KW - visual analytics tools AB - Analysts often need to explore and identify coordinated relationships (e.g., four people who visited the same five cities on the same set of days) within some large datasets for sensemaking. Biclusters provide a potential solution to ease this process, because each computed bicluster bundles individual relationships into coordinated sets. By understanding such computed, structural, relations within biclusters, analysts can leverage their domain knowledge and intuition to determine the importance and relevance of the extracted relationships for making hypotheses. However, due to the lack of systematic design guidelines, it is still a challenge to design effective and usable visualizations of biclusters to enhance their perceptibility and interactivity for exploring coordinated relationships. In this paper, we present a five-level design framework for bicluster visualizations, with a survey of the state-of-the-art design considerations and applications that are related or that can be applied to bicluster visualizations. We summarize pros and cons of these design options to support user tasks at each of the five-level relationships. Finally, we discuss future research challenges for bicluster visualizations and their incorporation into visual analytics tools. VL - 20 IS - 12 ER -